Observation Mini-Study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Observation Mini-Study - Research Paper Example Using direct observation as the main approach to data collection, the researcher sought to establish whether the hypothesis of racial disparity in the sitting arrangement existed, and possibly find ways of resolving the issue by creating race parity. The researcher sought permission from the university and the management of a middle-level restaurant existing near the university well in advance prior to the study. The restaurant is situated a few miles from the university, a development that limited research-related costs upon the researcher. Sitting comfortably at the back of the restaurant between 11:00pm and 4:00pm, the researcher gathered information about the sitting arrangements, the people’s behavior and what they were saying. The outcomes revealed that in deed more whites preferred executive seats and tables stationed at the front part of the restaurant with more adequate spaces between them and tended to refer to the other races in derogatory remarks like â€Å"front seats are for whites†. In light of this, people of color including Hispanics, blacks, Africans, and Asians found themselves relegated at the back of the restaurant where the furniture were more closely-packed. This finding lends credence to the hypothesis that racial disparity plays out in the sitting arrangement of people in US restaurants. Observation as a method of research has merits and demerits. A major merit of conducting observation research is that the researcher can record what they see and hear as the focus group goes about their normal activities in real life situations, rather than relying on what they say they do (Maxfield, & Babbie, 2010). As Maxfield and Babbie (2010) have pointed out, in Criminology, observation is the main source of securing information, especially in situations where approaching criminal suspects for interview or written responses is less likely to precipitate

Kotter and lewins change and positive models

Kotter and lewins change and positive models Change management deals with adapting and controlling change. For an organization, change management is defining and implementing procedures and/or technologies to deal with changes in the business environment and to profit from changing opportunities. (searchcio-midmarket.techtarget.com/definition) There is always a need for the change to happen as the world is changing. Therefore, some models can help an organization to implement change successfully. Kotters Change Model John Kotter is a change expert who is a professor at Harvard Business School. Kotter introduced a famous change process that consists of eight steps in his 1995 book, Leading Change. Step One: Create Urgency For an organization to let the change happen, this step is a primary motivation for the things to happen. Therefore, the first task is to develop a sense of urgency. (mindtools.com/pages/article/newPPM) Step Two: Form a Guiding Coalition For the change to happen, the change needs to be managed as well as led. Hence, there is a requirement for strong leadership as well as the support from important employees of the organization. (Strategies-for-managing-change.com/john-kotter) Step Three: Developing a Change Vision Developing a clear vision will help out to simplify the decisions, motivates employees to go for the change even it is hard for them, and helps to organize the actions in a hasty and well-organized way. (kotterinternational.com/KotterPrinciples/Change Steps/Step3) Step Four: Communicating the Vision for Buy-in It is not about developing a clear vision, but the vision has to reach all the employees of the organization. For this to happen, the vision should be communicated in hour-by-hour activities. Communication can also be done through meetings, emails, and presentations. It should be communicated anywhere and everywhere in order to let the employee have a clear idea about the change to happen. While communicating the change be honest and concentrate on the emotional dimension of the peoples fears and concerns. (kotterinternational.com/KotterPrinciples/ChangeSteps/Step5, strategies-for-managing-change.com/john-kotter) Step Five: Empowering People and Removing Barriers Removing barriers will help the people to do their best work and empowers them to execute vision. This will result in change to happen. (mindtools.com/pages/article/newPPM, kotterinternational.com/KotterPrinciples/ChangeSteps/Step5) Step Six: Generating Short-term wins Generating short-term wins will definitely encourage the employees. The employee confidence will increase and will adapt to the change as well as will be satisfied with his work. Organizing a change without looking at short-term performance is always risky. One cannot know where they stand and how far is the destination. (kotterinternational.com/KotterPrinciples/ChangeSteps/Step6) Step Seven: Dont Let Up! There is always a chance for the resistance to occur even success occurs in the early stages. There is fear of change with everyone. Letting up will create problems and the momentum can be lost. Therefore, the organization has to consolidate gains and produce more change. (kotterinternational.com/KotterPrinciples/ChangeSteps/Step7) Step Eight: Make it stick Culture is deeply rooted in an organization and is the hardest thing to change. Every associate of the organization indoctrinates into the culture of the organization without realizing it. Therefore, new approaches have to be anchored and should be deeply rooted in order to stay strongly in the culture. (kotterinternational.com/KotterPrinciples/ChangeSteps/Step8) Strengths and Weaknesses The strength of this model is that it concentrates on all aspects for the change to happen in an organization. Therefore, by concentrating on all aspects such as communicating the vision, creating a guiding coalition, generating short-term wins, and not letting up will definitely makes the change to happen. Culture is the hardest thing to change in any organization and with the help of this model, the cultural change can happen. On the other side, the first step speaks about the urgency but it does not concentrate on the purpose for change. Purpose with urgency can only play an effective role together for the change to happen. To implement this model the leaders should be experienced and associates of the organization should support the change. Lewins 3-Stage Model Kurt Lewin is a psychologist who recognized three stages of change. They are Unfreeze, Change, and Refreeze. Stage 1: Unfreeze This stage is an important one that involves reaching to a position of knowing that change is essential. In this stage, creating ideal environment is an important thing for the change to take place. Generally, people get used to the way they are working and they try to resist the change even the change is beneficial one, as it will initially cause discomfort. Therefore, the main theme of this stage is to shift people from this frozen state to an unfrozen state. (Change-management-coach.com/kurt_lewin, London Management Centre, 2008) Stage 2: Change or Transition This stage is central to Lewins model and is a confusion period at the psychological level. In the transition stage, the changes are made that are essential. Employees will be unfrozen and will be heading in the direction of new way of being. Therefore, people are not clear about new ways that are going to replace the older ways. This clearly shows that this is the hardest stage as employees are not sure or fearful. The main goal of this transition stage is to move employees to the unfrozen state and keep them there. (change-management-coach.com/kurt_lewin, London Management Centre, 2008) Stage 3: Refreeze This phase concentrates on elevating the comfort levels and bringing back the stability. It brings people to a stable and productive state from a low productive state. Refreeze is to establish stability after the changes occur. Finally people form new relations start to become comfortable with new changes. (Change-management-coach.com/kurt_lewin, London Management Centre, 2008) Strengths and Weaknesses The strength of Lewins model is that it is simple and easy to understand. This model concentrates on the fear of employees who oppose the change to happen. This is the main factor, which should be worked out by every organization to bring out change. However, on the other side, this model does not concentrate on each aspect. For the change to happen all the aspects should be considered such like the aspects covered in Kotters change model. The Positive Model The Positive model involves five phases. They are: Phase 1: Initiate the Inquiry Initiate the inquiry is to know the subject of change. It points up the associate participation to recognize the organizational issue they have the most energy to address. (Cummings Worley, 2009) Phase 2: Inquire into best practices Inquire into best practises is assembling data that is the best in the organization. If the subject is organizational innovation, then associates of the organization helps to build up an interview protocol which contains the information about the new ideas that were developed and carried out in the organization. The members of the organization conduct the interviews: they interview each other and let them know the information or stories about the innovations in which the members are personally involved. These stories are gathered to form a group of information, which describes the organization as an innovative system. (Cummings Worley, 2009) Phase 3: Discover the themes Discovering themes is about the members of the organization who look at the stories that are gathered previously which may include both small and large, to recognize a set of themes which are demonstrating the common scope of peoples experiences. For instance, the stories of innovation that are collected may contain themes about how much freedom each individual gets from the managers in exploring a new idea, how much support the coworkers provided to the organization members, or how to exposure to customers sparked ingenious ideas. No theme is small in case of representation; it is very important to describe all the core mechanisms that help to generate and support the themes. The themes symbolises the basis for moving from what is to what could be. (Cummings Worley, 2009) Phase 4: Envision a preferred future Members that scan the identified themes, challenge the status quo, and describe a compelling future. Based on the organizations successful past, members collectively picture the organizations future and develop possibility proportions- statements that bridge the organizations current best practices with ideal possibilities for future organizing. These proportions should present a truly exciting, provocative, and possible picture of the future. Based on these possibilities, members discover the relevant stakeholders and critical organization processes that must be aligned to support emergences of the envisioned future. The vision becomes a statement of what should be. (Cummings Worley, 2009) Phase 5: Design and Deliver Ways to Create the Future This phase illustrates the activities and the plans necessary to bring vision. It progresses to both action and assessment phase comparable to action research described earlier. Members of the organization make modifications, weigh up the results and make necessary adjustments, to move the organization towards the vision and nourish what will be. The course of action is continued by restoring the discussion about what the best is. (Cummings Worley, 2009) Strengths and Weaknesses The strength of this model is that it concentrates on the main issue and tries to solve the problem by using the best practises of the organization. The weakness of this model is that there is no urgency, which is essential for the change as sometimes the organizations might run out of time. If the change does not happen before the time passes away then the work made by the organization goes in vain. Conclusion The three change models Kotters change model, Lewins 3-stage model, and the positive model are different from each other. These three models can be used by any organization for the change to happen. Kotters change model is a brief model that concentrates on every small aspect. The only problem with the Kotters change model is that it focuses on urgency but not on purpose. Without knowing purpose of change, the urgency will have no reason and everyone will be doing things quickly without purpose. By considering the purpose, this model can be most preferable for an organization to implement change. This model makes sure that the change need to occur is communicated to everyone and concentrates on building the momentum with short-term wins. The culture of the organization can be changed that is deeply rooted. Lewis 3-stage model is a simple model it concentrates on moving people from their old style of working. People always have a fear of change, which is the biggest opposition of the change to happen. This model concentrates on moving people from a stage of freezing to refreeze stage. This model does not concentrate on all the small aspects. The positive model is different from Kotters and Lewins model. It enquires about the problem and uses the best practices of the organization to solve the problem. This helps the change to happen. However, there is no sense of urgency that is a major problem. When compared to Kotters model it is not as detailed as that model. Every model has some strength. Therefore, it is always better to go for the three models, opt for the best things from the models, and implement them for the change to happen. Speaking about best of the three models, my choice is Kotters change model as it concentrates on all the aspects for the change to happen.

History of Ford Thunderbird :: essays research papers

The Ford Thunderbird, an American classic, is a car manufactured in the United States by Ford Motor Company. It was created only twenty months after Chevrolets Corvette as a comeback car and entered design for the 1955 model year as a two-seater resembling a sports car, which went on sale on October 22, 1954 (Wilson 116). As the Thunderbird was a better performer and cost four hundred and ninety six dollars less, no wonder it sold better. In fact, the sales figure for the first model was nearly four times that of the Corvette (Georgano 122). Through the development of the Ford Thunderbird it has evolved drastically in style and performance over its long history. Although none of this would have happened without the formation of the idea to create what is known as the Ford Thunderbird. There are two stylists credited with the creation of the Thunderbird: Lewis D. Crusoe and George Walker, who later became a chief stylist and a Ford vice-president. They took a trip to Paris, and while they were there they saw a sports car that got their attention. From that moment on, they knew they had to come up with something just like it. They went to work as soon as permission was given from headquarters. Their goal was to have a lightweight sports car with a V-8 engine that accelerated to speeds above 100 mph. They achieved this goal successfully, but they did not meet their projected weight for the car. Crusoe started a clay model of the car and finally gained the acceptance on it in May of 1953 (Wilson 116). Once the model was complete there came about the difficulty in deciding on a name. The designers were completely lost when it came to names but suggestions came pouring in by the thousands. Finally, the designers narrowed it down to just one name â€Å"Whizzer,† but Crusoe was just not satisfied with it. He devised a reward, a two hundred and fifty dollar suit, for anyone who could come up with a better name. It was not long before they received a submission from a designer named Alden Giberson. The name he came up with was â€Å"Thunderbird.† Crusoe approved it and the name was no longer negotiable. His idea for that name surprisingly did not come from the Native American symbol for â€Å"Thunder-bird,† but from a very prominent subdivision in Rancho Mirage, California.

Globalisation Book Review Essay

The world economy is becoming more global in its format. People may not be able to realize the correct depth of this globalization trend and the complexities it creates for the state. International businesses have a huge impact on our daily lives. Right from morning till night we are in the habit of using variety of goods and services made by different countries of the world. The globalization trend started after World War II. U. S. economy became the strongest economy at that time and U. S made their dominance worldwide in almost all major industries. Businesses were forced to build new plants and other facilities, and citizens turned to their work as a source of economic security. Gradually the economy developed and each country developed a competitive advantage in those circumstances. With the passing of time those advantages are being exploited to their maximum. ENVIRONMENT OF GLOBALISATION Environment refers to the totality of all the factors which are external to and beyond the control of individual global business enterprises. Environment furnishes the macro-context, the business firm is the micro-unit. The environmental factors are essentially the givens within which firms and their managements must operate. The value system of society, the rules and regulations laid down by the Government, the monetary policies of the central bank, the institutional set-up of the country, the ideological beliefs of the leaders, the attitude towards foreign capital and enterprise, etc. , all constitute the environment system within which a global firms operate. These environmental factors are many in numbers and various in form. Some of these factors are totally static, some are relatively static and some are very dynamic — they are changing every now and then. Some of these factors can be conceptualized and quantified, while others can be only referred to in qualitative terms. The environmental factors generally vary from country to country. The environment that is typical of Germany may not be found in other countries like the USA, the UK, and Japan. There may be some factors in common, but the order and intensity of the environmental factors do differ between nations. The magnitude and direction of environmental factors differ over regions within a country, and over localities within a region. The environment differs not only over space but also over time from country to country. We can talk of temporal patterns of environment, i. e. , past, present and future environment. Sometimes the environment may be classified into market environment and non-market environment depending upon whether a global firm’s environment is influenced by market forces like demand, supply, number of other firms and the resulting price competition, or non-price competition, etc. , or by non-market forces like Government laws, social traditions, etc. Further, we may classify the environment into economic and non-economic. Non-economic environment refers to social, political, legal, educational and cultural factors that affect state functioning. Economic environment, on the other hand, is given shape and form by factors like the fiscal policy, the monetary policy, the industrial policy resolutions, physical limits on output, the price and income trends, the nature of the economic system at work, the tempo of economic development, the national economic plan, etc. The non-economic environment has economic implications just as the economic environment may have non-economic implications. Since the environment is the sum total of the history, geography, culture, sociology, politics and economics of a nation, the interaction between economic and non-economic forces is bound to take place affecting the society functioning. ECONOMIC& FINANCIAL FACTORS Analysis of the business environment in any economy, we may examine the basic propositions as: 1. Business is an economic activity. 2. A business firm is an economic unit. 3. Business decision-making is an economic process. These propositions may be examined separately or jointly to justify the study of the economic environment of global business. Business is an economic activity An economic activity involves the task of adjusting the resources to the targets, or the targets to the resources. An economic activity may assume different forms such as consumption, production, distribution, and exchange. The nature of business differs, depending upon the form of economic activity being undertaken and organized. The manufacturer is primarily concerned with production; the stock exchange business is mainly concerned with the buying and selling of shares and debentures; the business of Government is to run the administration. The Government may also own, control and manage enterprises. These examples can be easily multiplied. The point is that each business has a target to achieve, and for this purpose each business has some resources at its disposal. Sometimes the target has to be matched with the given resources, and sometimes the resources have to be matched with the given target. Either way, the task of business is to optimize the outcome of economic activities. A business enterprise is an economic unit A business firm is essentially a transformation unit. It transforms inputs into outputs of goods or services, or a combination of both. The nature of input requirements and the type of output flows are determined by the size, structure, location and efficiency of the business firm under consideration. Business firms may be of different sizes and forms. They may undertake different types of activities such as mining, manufacture, farming, trading, transport, banking, etc. The motivational objective underlying all these activities is the same viz. , profit maximization in the long run. Profit is essentially a surplus value — the value of outputs in excess of the values of inputs or the surplus of revenue over the cost. A business firm undertakes the transformational process to generate this surplus value. The firm can grow further if the surplus value is productively invested. The firm, therefore, carefully plans the optimum allocation of resources (i. e. , men, money, materials, machines, time, energy, etc. ) to get optimum production. The entire process of creating, mobilization and utilization of the surplus constitutes the economic activity of the business firm, Business decision-making is an economic process Decision-making involves making a choice from a set of alternative courses of action. Choice is at the root of all economic activity. The question of choice and evaluation arises because of the relative scarcity of resources. If the resources had not been scarce, an unlimited amount of ends could have been met. But the situation of resource constraint is very real. A business firm thinks seriously about the optimum allocation of resources because resources are limited in supply and most resources have alternative uses. The firm, therefore, intends to get the best out of given resources or to minimize the use of resources for achieving a specific target. In other words, when input is the constraining factor, the firm’s decision variable is the output. And when output is the constraining factor, the firm’s decision variable is the input. Whatever may be the decision variable, procurement or production, distribution or sale, input or output, decision-making is invariably the process of selecting the best available alternative. That is what makes it an economic pursuit. Since business is an economic activity, a business firm an economic unit, and business decision-making an economic process, it is the economics environment of business which is the primary consideration in evaluating the business policies, business strategies and business tactics of a corporate entity in any global economy.

The Message in Girl in Translation

There always have been immigrants since the early days in the United States. The number of immigrants continues to grow throughout periods of time. â€Å"As in 2006, the number of immigrants is 37. 5 million. After 2000, immigration to the United States numbered approximately 1,000,000 per year. A recent survey by Gallup showed that there are about 165 million adults worldwide named the United States as their top country where they would like to migrate permanently† (Immigration, Wikipedia).What is the reason why there are such a large number of people wanting to go to America, even though they are well aware of the difficulties awaiting for them there? Girl in Translation is one of the books that can help to answer the above question as it tells the story of Kimberly, an immigrant in America. Through Kimberly, I can see that despite many hardships, an immigrant can still achieve the American dream of a better life through hard work, persistency, and determination. Like most o f the immigrants, the first difficulty Kimberly and her mother encountered in America is the language barrier and the culture shock.They arrived from Hong Kong with little English which became a serious problem for Kimberly when she started school. On her first day at school, she could not understand what Mr. Bogart was saying, he was angry at the things she did not understand, he thought she was a cheat and gave her a zero (25-27). Kimberly must have been very afraid and humiliated. Back home at Hong Kong, she had been the top student of her class, she was used to receive praise and prizes from her teacher, but now, she thought that she was â€Å"a stupid student with a weight on [her] heart†. The American culture was a far cry different from Kimberly’s culture.She was taught to show respect to the teachers by sitting straight with hands folded behind her backs, standing up when spoken to and addressing Mr. Bogart sir. However, these gestures are not common in America and they seemed to make Mr. Bogart think that Kimberly was mocking him. The other hardship Kimberly and her mother had to endure in their first years in America was their living condition. They arrived from Hong Kong with nothing but debt. That debt was to no one else other than her aunt Paula. There was a saying: â€Å"Blood is thicker than water†, but unfortunately, this saying was not true in Kimberly’s case.Her aunt thought that Kimberly and her mother owned her a life debt that could never been repaid, because she had brought them to America (256). She gave them an illegal place to live. The author described the way they lived so vividly that filled the readers with emotion. Their apartment was in a terrible state. It lacked heat and real furniture. The wind can blow through the windows where â€Å"the windowpanes were missing or cracked† in the middle of New York City winter. They had to live under the same roof with roaches and mice running around. They had to keep the oven on during the winter days as it was their only source of heat.They had to cover their body with layer and layer of clothes but still, that was not warm enough. What really helped her family survive that winter was the cloth used to make stuffed animal in the toy factory trash. They wanted to take the warm material home right away but they were afraid of being late for work. It is very emotional when they kept worrying that other people might take it, that it might not be there when they finished their job. The material, which only was trash to other people, was really a treasure to them, made them â€Å"laugh with joy†.I could not help feeling sad for them when reading this scene: We must have been a funny sight, dressed up at home as tow large stuffed animals, but we didn’t have the luxury of minding. Since then, I have wondered if we would have survived the winter without that gift from the gods. The material was heavy and carpet like, not having been intended as clothing, and when I slept under our new blankets, I woke with my limbs aching from the weight. However, at least they covered our entire bodies at once, unlike the piles of clothes we’d used in the past, and they were warm (77).To earn a living, Kimberly and her mother worked at the clothing factory managed by Aunt Paula’s husband. Due to the author’s superb description technique, readers can imagine and have a clear image of the factory and feel the need and desperation from the people who work there. The immigrants were working in an unhealthy environment, they are always covered with sweat and fabric dust, they were â€Å"deafened by the roar of a hundred Singer sewing machines†. They had to stay all night when there was a shipment going out. They were paid 1 to 2 cents a piece, which is illegal.There were other children like Kimberly working at the factory, they all hoped to help their parents finish their work earlier and earn some more money. Some of these children would finally end up replacing their parents to work in the factory while their children, like them, would come to help. It was the circle of the factory life that many immigrants could not escape. Kimberly’s mother did not want this to happen to her child, she said to Kimberly: Most people never leave this life. It’s probably too late for me. My days of being a refined music teacher are over.That’s what a parent is for, to do whatever is necessary to give her child a good life. But you, don’t forget you were the smartest student our primary school in Hong Kong had ever seen. Nothing can change how bright you are, whether your current teacher knows it or not. Most important, nobody can change who you are, except for you (48). Then, Kimberly said: â€Å"I’m going to get us both out of here, Ma, I promise. † (48) She had a great desire to save her mother and she from this miserable life filled with backbreak ing labor. She decided to use her talent for school to make that dream come true.First of all, she needed to perfect her English. Therefore, she bought a dictionary, which cost a fortune, and â€Å"try to memorize all the words†. She borrowed books from the library, began with â€Å"the embarrassingly thin ones for little kids† (86). She was good at math and science but she had to struggle with other subjects that contained too much English. While the other kids in her class were giving up when they had trouble with Mr. Bogart, Kimberly tried harder at school because she wanted the accomplishment of a top student again as well as she realized that education was the only way to escape the factory life.Her hard work resulted in her scholarship to Harrison school, where she could develop her learning ability to the fullest. And finally, she was given a full scholarship to Yale. Kimberly was a strong girl. This side of her personality was proven when she fought Luke, the b ully in the sixth grade. She did not run, instead she strengthened her mindset by thinking that her ancestor was one of the greatest warriors and so was she. Besides, she thought that if she did not solve this problem right away, it would follow her day after day (90-91). This was exactly the way she fought against her situation.She did not run from it and give up. She would go to school and tried to be an exceptional student, regardless of her weak English and being out of place with other students. Then she would go to work at the factory and do her homework at night. Kimberly was very tolerant to these hardships. There is no success without any sacrifice. Kimberly’s greatest sacrifice was giving up Matt and raised their son alone. It was selfish of her when depriving her son of the right of knowing his father. However, I cannot blame her. Matt could have been a block to her success as he did not share Kimberly’s ambition for a brighter future.Matt told Kimberly to s tay in China town and not go to Yale. Matt was old-fashioned and he thought that the man was the person to support the family, not the other way round. He just cared about the present when he and Kimberly were happy and that was enough (266-67). Matt said: â€Å"Kimberly, my climbing can’t reach your heights (226). † Matt seemed tough on the outside but he lacked the fighting spirit, the willpower to fight against his situation. He accepted his life in China town even though it is a not very good living condition. He already gave up school to work full time.Matt could not look far into the future; he did not have Kimberly’s ambition for a better future and her desire to get out of their poor life. Through Matt and Kimberly, readers can see that while many immigrants are caught up in the challenges of cultural and financial difficulties of life, the one that are able to get out of their situations is achieved through education and hard work. Kimberly took a bette r choice of working toward her long-termed goal. She sacrificed her love, and was able to overcome that through determination and great willpower for the hope of building a better future and getting out of her current situation.Girl in translation is a typical story of an immigrant. Just like Kimberly, many immigrants have a great desire to become successful, as they know how it is to live in poverty. As long as they work hard and have determination, they can make that dream come true as America is the land of opportunity. Education was the way Kimberly chose to get out of the hardship. The other immigrants can also choose this way to become success since America has one of the best education systems in the world.

Structure Of Constitution Essays - Politics, Veto, Free Essays

Structure Of Constitution Essays - Politics, Veto, Free Essays Structure Of Constitution The Structure of the Constitution In 1787, the United States of America is finally starting to develop into a true nation. The Framers of the Constitution realize that the country needs a government that is not over-bearing but is not to liberal. Knowing this, the Framers structured the government in a specific way. First, they made different federal and state powers. Next, they placed the separation of federal powers. Third, the Founders created Congress. After this, a president was chosen. Federal courts were the last structural clause in the Constitution. The Writers wanted to separate the powers into different levels. The first level is called the federal government. This is where the power is shared among state and national delegates. The federal government is broken into different powers. Powers that are reserved for the states to choose laws, such as in the educational purposes. Other powers are reserved for the country as a whole to vote on, like declaring war. This was a smart move because it made the states feel like they have a voice. In some cases, though, the nation had to use both powers as one. These issues, such as collecting taxes, are called concurrent powers. The nation could not give to much power to any one group or person. The Constitution create a separation of powers. This gave the three branches of the government, the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, their own area of authority. The Constitution then gave each branch the right to stop, or check, the others in certain ways if they did not agree with the what the other is doing. The president can veto any acts of Congress. The executive branch is balanced. Which means they can overturn a veto with Congress with two-thirds vote of each house. This practice is called checks and balances. The Constitution also had to limit the control people had over the government. In a comparison of the House of Representatives and the Senate demonstrates this effort at balance. The population of the state determines the number of seats a state has in the House. The members of the House served a two-year term so the members could change their representatives quicker. The Senate was elected by the legislatures instead of the voters. This senators served six-year terms. This limited the peoples power on the impact on the Senate. This was done so to escape from different opinions in the Senate. If the Senate was not as much part of the people it would not be as easily influenced by popular opinions. The Senate is in charge of creating laws, so this kept from bad laws being passed because of these opinions. The House and Senate together made the most powerful body in the nation. Congress had control of money matters, warfare, and commerce. The Framers of the Constitution thought that there had to be someone in charge of the country. One person who would handle armed forces and could also veto any acts. This person became the President of the United States of America. The President would be chosen by Electors in each state. The house of Representatives would have the final say in who became President. The judiciary branch was another important part to the Constitution. It called for a national court system. The members of this court system were chosen by the President. The judges were chosen by the President. Judges could not retire. They were to be justices for life. These courts were known as the Supreme Court. Bibliography America Past and Present Textbook. prentice Hall

Waterford Crystal a case analysis Essays - Waterford Wedgwood

Waterford Crystal a case analysis Essays - Waterford Wedgwood Waterford Crystal a case analysis Waterford Crystal HISTORY OF WATERFORD CRYSTAL Waterford Glass was started by two brothers, George and William Penrose, in 1783. It was the most notable of all Irish crystal companies. In 1799, the Penrose brothers sold Waterford Glass to the Gatchell family. The crystal industry was prosperous until 1825. Irish glass manufacturers began to slowly close due to high export duties, the economic depression, and a lack of capital. Waterford Glass was the last to close in 1851. It was reestablished nearly a century later by Charles Bacik and Bernard Fitzpatrick. In 1947, they set up a factory in Waterford, Ireland. A turning point in the company's history came in 1950 when Joe McGrath made a sizable investment in Waterford Glass. He invested the capital needed to convert the small crystal manufacturing company into one with the potential to become a major player in the crystal industry. This investment gave his family control for the next thirty-five years. Joe McGrath was committed to Ireland and providing jobs for his country. He wanted to reduce the country's high unemployment level. His focus for Waterford Glass was on growing the company through exports to the United States. In 1966, Joe McGrath's son, Paddy McGrath, took over management of Waterford Glass. Like his father, he was dedicated to Ireland and to providing employment opportunities for the Irish. McGrath's quest to provide more jobs for the Irish led him to diversify the company. By 1983, the company had acquired more than thirty non-core businesses. To reflect the expansion, management changed the company's name to Waterford Glass Group. In 1985, Paddy McGrath resigned as chairman of Waterford Glass. Concurrent with Paddy McGrath's resignation, Paddy Hayes was appointed chairman and CEO of Waterford Glass Group. He immediately began to sell off the non-core businesses in an effort to reduce the company's high debt level. Waterford Glass's debt was virtually eliminated with the issue of American Depository Shares (ADS) on the United States NASDAQ market. On November 28, 1986, Waterford Glass acquired Wedgwood, a two hundred year old manufacturer and marketer of fine bone china. Paddy Hayes was named the chairman and CEO of both companies and Paddy Byrne was appointed CEO of Wedgwood. In 1989, the company's name was changed to Waterford Wedgwood. Three divisions were created as a result of this acquisition: the Waterford Crystal division, the Wedgwood division, and the Creative Tableware division. In 1989, Paddy Hayes resigned from his position as chairman and CEO of Waterford Wedgwood. Paddy Hayes was succeeded by Paddy Byrne as CEO of Waterford Wedgwood. Paddy Galvin was appointed as CEO of Waterford and Paddy Byrne continued as the CEO of Wedgwood. In 1990, the ownership of the company began to shift from Ireland. This was the result of an equity investment made by the Morgan Stanley/Fitzwilton consortium. On April 5, 1990, the workers at Waterford Wedgwood went on strike. The strike occurred when management took steps to reduce high labor costs. The strike lasted fourteen weeks causing significant problems for the local community. In December 1990, Waterford Wedgwood became two independent entities. Concurrent with the restructuring of the company, Paddy Byrne resigned. In September 1991, Waterford introduced a new brand of crystal called "Marquis by Waterford Crystal." THE CRYSTAL BUSINESS Today, the craftsmen of Waterford are supreme artists as they were in the 18th century. Having craft and design skills is the critical element in establishing and maintaining a competitive advantage. The combined skills of the craftsmen create the distinctive patterns known all over the world. The exceptional clarity of Waterford Crystal is achieved through several steps that have remained almost unchanged for over two centuries. Waterford products are manufactured by a strict process of mixing, blowing, cutting and polishing. Manufacturing crystal is very labor intensive. Labor costs are generally 50 to 55 percent of the manufacturing costs. Chemicals are mixed to create a unique formula that gives Waterford crystal its special sparkle and light refractive qualities. It is then heated to 1400 degrees centigrade in a natural gas fired furnace for at least 36 hours to produce molten crystal. A blower, using the traditional tools and techniques as in the 18th century, gathers a quantity of crystal from the furnace

3 Tips for Writing Your Williams College Supplement

3 Tips for Writing Your Williams College Supplement SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Williams is among the most selective colleges in the country, with an acceptance rate of 15 percent. As part of your Williams application, you’ll need to respond to the Williams writing supplement. In this article, we’ll cover the three questions that make up the Williams writing supplement, offer suggestions for what to write about in your essay, and give you tips for crafting the best essay possible. The Williams Writing Supplement There are three different questions on the Williams writing supplement. You need to respond to one of them as part of your application. 1. At Williams we believe that bringing together students and professors in small groups produces extraordinary academic outcomes. Our distinctive Oxford-style tutorial classes- in which two students are guided by a professor in deep exploration of a single topic- are a prime example. Each week the students take turns developing independent work- an essay, a problem set, a piece of art- and critiquing their partner’s work. Focused on close reading, writing and oral defense of ideas, more than 60 tutorials a year are offered across the curriculum, with titles like Aesthetic Outrage, Financial Crises: Causes and Cures, and Genome Sciences: At the Cutting Edge. Imagine yourself in a tutorial at Williams. Of anyone in the world, whom would you choose to be your partner in the class, and why? 2. Each Sunday night, in a tradition called Storytime, students, faculty and staff gather to hear a fellow community member relate a brief story from their life (and to munch on the storyteller’s favorite homemade cookies). What story would you share? What lessons have you drawn from that story, and how would those lessons inform your time at Williams? 3. Every first-year student at Williams lives in an Entry- a thoughtfully constructed microcosm of the student community that’s a defining part of the Williams experience. From the moment they arrive, students find themselves in what’s likely the most diverse collection of backgrounds, perspectives and interests they’ve ever encountered. What might differentiate you from the 19 other first-year students in an entry? What perspective(s) would you add to the conversation with your peers? Each question has the same instructions: respond to the prompt in 300 words or fewer. Writing the Williams writing supplement is optional, so you can choose whether you want to answer a question or not. Should I Write an Essay for the Williams Writing Supplement? When you’re working on your Williams College application, you might notice that the Williams Writing Supplement is entirely optional. So should you write an essay? Or skip it altogether? It would be a huge mistake to not write the Williams College supplement. While the instructions do say optional, the statement isn’t really optional. Choosing not to write an essay will make you look like you don’t care that much about being accepted to Williams. Along the same lines, your Williams writing supplement is a great way to show the admissions committee aspects of your personality that aren’t highlighted in the rest of your application. Take that opportunity! Show the admissions committee why you belong on Williams’ campus. What Should I Write About in My Williams College Supplement? Let’s take a look at each of the Williams College supplement questions and discuss what you could write about in each. At Williams we believe that bringing together students and professors in small groups produces extraordinary academic outcomes. Our distinctive Oxford-style tutorial classes- in which two students are guided by a professor in deep exploration of a single topic- are a prime example. Each week the students take turns developing independent work- an essay, a problem set, a piece of art- and critiquing their partner’s work. Focused on close reading, writing and oral defense of ideas, more than 60 tutorials a year are offered across the curriculum, with titles like Aesthetic Outrage, Financial Crises: Causes and Cures, and Genome Sciences: At the Cutting Edge. Imagine yourself in a tutorial at Williams. Of anyone in the world, whom would you choose to be your partner in the class, and why? While it may seem like there are endless ways to answer this question, there are really only two real options: you can pick someone you know personally or you can pick someone you’ve never met, but have always wanted to. Whichever direction you go in, you should make sure to have a specific reason for choosing that person. If you pick someone you know personally, you can use this essay as an opportunity to talk about experiences you’ve had that have greatly affected you. You could, for instance, choose someone you met on a service trip who taught you about hard work or the director of a musical that you participated in that taught you a lot about self confidence. In either of these examples, you’ll be able to talk not only about the influential figure, but about an important part of your life (the service trip or the musical). If you decide to go the celebrity or famous person route, you should make sure to have a real reason why you want to meet that person - a reason that reflects how they influence you. Love isn’t the same as influence - you can love a celebrity but that doesn’t mean they’ve had a huge impact on your life. It’s fine to pick Chrissy Teigen, but only if you talk about how you’d really like her help dissecting a tutorial on social media. If you’re struggling to pick a person, it can be helpful to come up with a tutorial topic that you’d like to participate in first. Having parameters like class topic can be useful for giving you ideas for how to answer the question. Each Sunday night, in a tradition called Storytime, students, faculty and staff gather to hear a fellow community member relate a brief story from their life (and to munch on the storyteller’s favorite homemade cookies). What story would you share? What lessons have you drawn from that story, and how would those lessons inform your time at Williams? While this prompt talks a Williams-specific tradition, Storytime, the question itself is a common one in admissions essays: sharing about a time when you learned an important lesson. To master this prompt, you need to pick a specific experience. It doesn’t need to be earth-shattering or impressive, but it does need to have real significance in your life. You should pick an authentic experience that you actually had - don’t make something up or exaggerate to try to seem more important. Your essay should have a clear narrative arc with a beginning, middle, and end. Make sure to include your takeaways and reflections in the end of the response. Every first-year student at Williams lives in an Entry- a thoughtfully constructed microcosm of the student community that’s a defining part of the Williams experience. From the moment they arrive, students find themselves in what’s likely the most diverse collection of backgrounds, perspectives and interests they’ve ever encountered. What might differentiate you from the 19 other first-year students in an entry? What perspective(s) would you add to the conversation with your peers? This Williams College supplement prompt gives you an opportunity to share more about what makes you unique. Don’t fall into the trap, though, of sharing too much! Pick one specific trait or identity to talk about. You don’t need to talk about every single thing you’ve ever done or liked. In your essay, be sure to talk about how the trait or identity you chose has affected your perspective. Maybe being introverted has let you observe more about other people. Maybe being a member of the LGBTQ+ community has taught you about the importance of respecting others’ differences. Whatever you choose, make sure to fully flesh out how and why that trait has affected your perspective and why that perspective would be valuable to the Williams community. Tips for Writing a Strong Williams College Supplement Essay Writing a strong Williams College supplement essay isn’t just about picking the right prompt to answer. You need to make sure your essay is the best possible example of your work in order to wow the admissions committee. Follow these three tips for writing an amazing Williams supplement essay. #1: Be Authentic The point of a college essay is for the admissions committee to have the chance to get to know you beyond your test scores, grades, and honors. Your admissions essays are your opportunity to make yourself come alive for the essay readers and to present yourself as a fully fleshed out person. You should, then, make sure that the person you’re presenting in your college essays is yourself. Don’t try to emulate what you think the committee wants to hear or try to act like someone you’re not. If you lie or exaggerate, your essay will come across as insincere, which will diminish its effectiveness. Stick to telling real stories about the person you really are, not who you think Williams wants you to be. #2: Play With Form The Williams College supplement essays leave a lot of room open for creative expression - use that! You don’t need to stick to a five paragraph essay structure here. You can play with the length and style of your sentences - you could even dabble in poetry if that makes sense! Whichever form you pick, make sure it fits with the story you’re trying to tell and how you want to express yourself. #3: Proofread and Polish Your Essay Your Williams essay should be the strongest example of your work possible. Before you turn in your application, make sure to edit and proofread your essays. Your work should be free of spelling and grammar errors. Make sure to run your essays through a spelling and grammar check before you submit. It’s a good idea to have someone else read your Williams College supplement essay, too. You can seek a second opinion on your work from a parent, teacher, or friend. Ask them whether your work represents you as a student and person. Have them check and make sure you haven’t missed any small writing errors. Having a second opinion will help your work be the best it possibly can be. Final Thoughts While the Williams College supplement says it’s optional, it’s not really! You should answer the essay as part of your application. When writing your Williams College supplement response, DO: Be authentic and true to yourself. Tell stories that are meaningful to your identity and experience. DON’T: Lie or exaggerate to seem more important. Forget to proofread or polish your essay. What’s Next? Wondering how to ace the Common Application? No problem! We’ve got you covered with tips and tricks to make your application stand out from the crowd. Starting your essay is often the hardest part.If you're unsure where to begin, check out this guide to starting a college essay perfectly, and don't be afraid to just dive right in! If you're applying to Williams College, you're likely applying to other colleges on the East Coast, too. Check out our expert guides to the Duke essay, the Tufts essays, and the Harvard essay. Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now:

The U.K Governments Policy of Deficit Reduction Essay

The U.K Governments Policy of Deficit Reduction - Essay Example s printing money, but that too had its ill effects, such as people do not sit with such money in hand, rather they spend it, creating demand for goods and then it can lead to inflation. Without printing money the government can resort to borrowing, but that will include equal amount of less private spending, thus jobs created by stimulus spending will be equaled by jobs lost by decline in private spending. Another case is where the people can investment in government bonds when they know that taxes would go up. This will put the net effect to zero (Cochrane, 2009). UK government could have taken the path decreasing corporate and income taxes instead of increasing them. Tax increase immediately leads to more money getting accumulated, as liquidity trap, and less mobility. Tax cuts on the other hand could have increased the overall spending and helped reduce the crisis. Government spending is another component of aggregate expenditure. If the government expenditure increased then the b enefits of multiplier effect could have been derived (Petroff). It has been debated whether these policies of the UK Government were appropriate in this context. Firstly, the Government declared an increase in taxes. This was expected to lower the level of production in the economy. Secondly, high taxes in an economy also have a deterring effect on the taxpayers because citizens have tried to evade taxes in economies which have imposed high levels of taxation. Thirdly, the reduction in Government spending was also supposed to lower the economic production. Fourthly, reduction in Government spending could have a detrimental effect on the consumer and the investor spending which would further decrease the level of its production. Fifth, when the Government of a country decreases its spending... This essay declares that the UK government could have come up with other alternative policies such as printing money, but that too had its ill effects, such as people do not sit with such money in hand, rather they spend it, creating demand for goods and then it can lead to inflation. Without printing money the government can resort to borrowing, but that will include equal amount of less private spending, thus jobs created by stimulus spending will be equaled by jobs lost by decline in private spending. Another case is where the people can investment in government bonds when they know that taxes would go up. This will put the net effect to zero. This paper makes a conclusion that UK government could have taken the path decreasing corporate and income taxes instead of increasing them. Tax increase immediately leads to more money getting accumulated, as liquidity trap, and less mobility. Tax cuts on the other hand could have increased the overall spending and helped reduce the crisis. Government spending is another component of aggregate expenditure. If the government expenditure increased then the benefits of multiplier effect could. It has been debated whether these policies of the UK Government were appropriate in this context. The decision to finance higher education and designing policies for its betterment is crucial for any economy. Often students opt out of higher education due to the cost and as a result there arises shortages of qualitative human capital

The sickness care system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The sickness care system - Essay Example In such a case, it is perceived to handle sicknesses and different kinds of illnesses through research; funding and other medical infrastructure thus deserves to be called as sickness care systems. In addition, healthcare system is associated with research of sufficient information concerning treatment of infectious diseases through dependent laboratories that are of significance to the community. Such a system is mainly concerned by eradication of an infectious syndrome. The engagement of technological and research systems that are geared towards the eradication of infectious diseases enables it to get a reference as a sickness care system (Gumbiner & Gumbiner, 2008). Majority often refer to the United States healthcare systems as sickness care systems simply because the government of the United States often implement a reactive model that is targeted at health and medical care situations. The model entails efforts targeted at forestalling clinical manifestations. Ultimately, prevention has been perceived as the most effective mechanism aimed at improving the societal wellness, healthcare systems help to reduce a bigger percentage of Medicare costs. As such, it is much more related to treatment care systems (Gumbiner & Gumbiner,

Putting The Bully In His Place. Causes, Consequences and Possible Term Paper

Putting The Bully In His Place. Causes, Consequences and Possible Solutions to Bullying - Term Paper Example Bullying involves the infliction of harm on a less powerful person by a more powerful individual or group by way of physical, verbal or psychological means. It is a growing problem in schools that threaten to cause long-term negative effects that victims and bullies may be burdened with all their lives (Hawker & Boulton, 2000). This paper endeavors to study the causes, consequences and possible interventions for bullying behaviors in schools. It is the researcher’s attempt to contribute solutions to this common issue in schools that is shared by many, but not addressed enough, hence the bullying cycle continues. Definition of Bullying Olweus (cited in Nansel, Haynie & Simons-Morton, 2003) defines bullying as aggressive peer-to-peer behavior with three conditions, namely: an intention to harm or disturb the victim; the aggression is done repeatedly and there is an imbalance of power between the bully and the victim. Ayenibiowo & Akinbode (2011) identified three forms of bullying as physical, verbal and psychological aggression. Physical bullying inflicting bodily harm on someone and may involve hitting, kicking, spitting, pushing, taking personal things, etc. Verbal bullying employs the use of mean words and tone of voice to express aggression and may entail taunting, teasing, name calling, threatening, criticizing, humiliating, etc.etc. Finally, psychological bullying is intentionally causing anxiety, stress and fear in a victim to make him or her emotionally unstable and may involve spreading rumors, destroying social relationships, intimidating, making one a target of jokes, etc. Lyznicki et al (2004) claim tha t bullying occurs usually in school. With boys, the bullying is mostly physical and verbal while with girls, relational bullying is usually resorted to and this is more subtle and more difficult to detect. Causes of Bullying Anyone can be a victim especially if he or she is not assertive enough to protect him/herself. However, the bully is the one responsible for inflicting harm, so the problem usually lies with him. There are many causes of bullying behavior. One is frustration at one’s situation. The bully may have learning disabilities that he is having a difficulty coping with while being expected to perform at a required level in school (Kaukiainen, Salmivalli, et al. (2002). Consistently getting poor grades and disappointing his parents may be disheartening and one way he or she expresses such disappointment is through bullying others. The bully may also be abused or neglected at home and needs a victim to express anger and pour out his or her frustrations upon. Another cause may be that the bully is being bullied himself and needs someone to bully around just to maintain the status quo (Esplage, Holt & Henkel, 2003). This way, he or she may feel that power has been regained even though in reality, he or she still feels powerless with the person who bullies him or her. The child may also have a poor or no role model who can guide him to appropriate behavior (Fekkes, Pijpers & Verloove-Vanhorick, 2005). The bullying behavior may also have been learnt from someone who has been a bad influence to him (Turner, 1991). Although in theory, hurting others is known to be an inappropriate but in practice he or she sees people of authority practicing bullying, he or she then imitates it in his or her own life. Finally, the bully may have a conduct disorder which is the precursor to antisocial, psychopathic or personality disorder (Bullying in Schools, n.d.). Ayenibiowo & Akinbode (2011) explain one theory that stimulates

The European Sociopolitical Foundations of Anthropological Thought Essay

The European Sociopolitical Foundations of Anthropological Thought - Essay Example The European colonization which can be traced back in the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th, century evolved together with the birth of Anthropology which is rooted from the evolution of natural history. But it was in the 18th century, the so called "era of the enlightenment" that humans tried to look for reasons in the things that were happening and the things that were surrounding them. It was also the time when people looked for rationality and empiricism in the society. Anthropology just like the world evolved, and has created different walls of ideas like the unilinealism which according to Wikipedia is a "19th century social theory about the evolution of societies and cultures. It was composed of many competing theories by various sociologists and anthropologists, who believed that Western culture is the contemporary pinnacle of social evolution. This theory is now generally considered obsolete in academic circles." It can be recalled that in the 18th c... The idea was also intensified by Christianity which made it worse. At the time, Europeans did not have confidence to acquire a positive view of the world until the age of the "Enlightenment." The enlightenment or the age of reason was dated back also in the 18th century which also covered the late 17th century. Wikipedia defines the age of enlightenment as "Inspired by the revolution in physics commenced by Newtonian kinematics, Enlightenment thinkers argued that same kind of systematic thinking could apply to all forms of human activity. Hence the Enlightenment is often closely linked with the Scientific Revolution, for both movements emphasized empiricism, reason, science or rationality, but here applied also with natural law to the ethical and governmental spheres in exploration of the individual, society and the state. Its leaders believed they would lead the world into progress from a long period of doubtful tradition, irrationality, superstition, and tyranny which they imputed to the Dark Ages, though not from religious belief. The movement helped create the intellectual framework for the American and French Revolutions, the Latin American independence movement, and the Polish Constitution of May 3; and led to the rise of classical liberalism, democracy, and capitalism." During the era of rationality and reasoning, philosophers like Hegel, Rousseau and Hobbes thought of a progressive society as a possible thing. For George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, evolution of man is consist of contradictions and tensions that are necessary and are need to attain the knowledge that is "absolute." The process of negation and contradiction leads to attaining the "rational unity" which happens in the mind and does not happen outside or in the external

Image Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Image Analysis - Essay Example To start with, the given image has the traits of an icon determined as â€Å"an image (or person) that refers to something beyond its individual components, something (or someone) that acquired symbolic significance† (Sturken and Cartwright, 2009, p. 444). In this context, the photograph of small Crimean boy can be considered as a symbol of innocence in front of Russian invasion. And so, it is reasonable to state that the photographer tended to bring sympathy in the heart of watchers as the child represents the lack of defense in front of military forces. Therefore, the symbolic notion provided by this image is evident as it has both denotative and connotative aspects in its content. Furthermore, the ideological aspect can be found in this image. Actually, the Western attitude to the current events in Ukraine in general and in Crimea in particular shows the total disapproval as the sanctions were implemented for Russian elite. For instance, BBC defined this operation as a â€Å"Crimean crisis† due to the â€Å"Russia’s move into Crimea† (Crimea Crisis, 2014). In such circumstances, presented image has an ideological message. While Ukraine is presented as a victim in Western media, the child from Ukraine symbolizes the whole country that is standing innocent in front of foreign troops. And so, the whole image has a powerful ideological message that supports the level of communication being held in public. Finally, the issue of objectivity is crucial for this image. In fact, each photograph can be considered as a sort of manipulation with public. As Victor Burgin (1999) mentions, â€Å"two images side by side tend to generate meanings not produced by either image on its own† (p. 44). In addition, the military jacket that is worn by this boy can be interpreted as a necessity to start a fighting in order to protect the homeland even though it is hard to resist adults. And so, in a current image due to the fact that it

Breeding Thoroughbred Racing Horses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Breeding Thoroughbred Racing Horses - Essay Example They are also frequently cross-bred with other breeds to generate new breeds or to develop new ones, and have been important in the conception of many significant breeds, for example the Quarter Horse, the Standardbred, the Anglo-Arabian, and a variety of Warmblood breeds. Thoroughbred racehorses act with highest force, which has given rise to high percentage of mishaps and other health troubles. Racing has been established to have a higher casualty rate than all other human and animal games. As well, Thoroughbreds are inclined to other health problems that include bleeding from the lungs, low fertility, unusually small hearts and a small hoof to body mass ratio. There are a number of theories for the causes behind the occurrence of accidents and health complications in the Thoroughbred breed, and study continues into how to decrease the fatality rate and nurse those animals that are wounded. The archetypal Thoroughbred spans between 15.2-17.0 hands high. They are mainly reddish-brown, brown, chestnut, black, or gray (Patten, 191-195). A fewer familiar colors consists of roan and palomino. Although white is uncommon, however is a standard color distinct from gray. The face and lower legs may be stained with white (Bongianni, 1987); even though white will commonly not displayed on the body. Skin patterns that have more than one color on the body, such as Pinto or Appaloosa, are not present in the Thoroughbred (Glyn, 50). Excellent Thoroughbreds have a well-chiseled head on a long neck, high withers, a deep chest, a short back, good depth of rear legs, a slim body, and long legs (Bongianni, 1987; Montgomery, 338-354). Thoroughbreds are grouped among the fiery breeds, which are animals raised for quickness and rapidity and are normally regarded as brave and gallant (Henry 60, 66). Selective Breeding Theory It is advocated that the speed is improved in an already quick animal by raising muscle mass, a variety of selective breeding that has fashioned animals intended to win horse races (Kluger, 2006). Hence, the contemporary Thoroughbred moves quicker than its skeletal composition can bear (Finley, 1993). Consequently, all aggressive contemporary Thoroughbreds are strongly dominant however osteologically weak animals, notably more so than any fossil or living, found in the natural habitat. A top-down observation of skeletal muscle is contractile tissue of the body and is issued from the mesodermal layer of nascent germ cells. Selective breeding in domestic animals is the method of developing a sophisticated breed in the fullness of time. Horse-racing is an equestrian sport pursuit which has been accomplished over the centuries; the chariot races of Roman times were an early example. Crossbreeding Thoroughbreds are often crossed with other horses to produce new breeds or develop existing ones. They have been prominent on many new breeds, for example the American Quarter Horse, the Standardbred, and perhaps the Morgan, a breed that continued to impact many of the gaited breeds in North America. Other familiar crosses with the Thoroughbred consist of crossbreeding with

Image Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Image Analysis - Essay Example To start with, the given image has the traits of an icon determined as â€Å"an image (or person) that refers to something beyond its individual components, something (or someone) that acquired symbolic significance† (Sturken and Cartwright, 2009, p. 444). In this context, the photograph of small Crimean boy can be considered as a symbol of innocence in front of Russian invasion. And so, it is reasonable to state that the photographer tended to bring sympathy in the heart of watchers as the child represents the lack of defense in front of military forces. Therefore, the symbolic notion provided by this image is evident as it has both denotative and connotative aspects in its content. Furthermore, the ideological aspect can be found in this image. Actually, the Western attitude to the current events in Ukraine in general and in Crimea in particular shows the total disapproval as the sanctions were implemented for Russian elite. For instance, BBC defined this operation as a â€Å"Crimean crisis† due to the â€Å"Russia’s move into Crimea† (Crimea Crisis, 2014). In such circumstances, presented image has an ideological message. While Ukraine is presented as a victim in Western media, the child from Ukraine symbolizes the whole country that is standing innocent in front of foreign troops. And so, the whole image has a powerful ideological message that supports the level of communication being held in public. Finally, the issue of objectivity is crucial for this image. In fact, each photograph can be considered as a sort of manipulation with public. As Victor Burgin (1999) mentions, â€Å"two images side by side tend to generate meanings not produced by either image on its own† (p. 44). In addition, the military jacket that is worn by this boy can be interpreted as a necessity to start a fighting in order to protect the homeland even though it is hard to resist adults. And so, in a current image due to the fact that it

The European sovereign debt crisis during 2010-2011 Essay - 1

The European sovereign debt crisis during 2010-2011 - Essay Example Matters involving liability crisis have in the recent years being reported globally, as the level of the sovereign arrears of some of the financial scheme of the world have risen, giving them a threat of failure to pay. A Financial network is thought to be in an obligation crisis once its government has failed to pay its debt. However, not any of the nations that are at present in debt disaster has defaulted, but they involve extremely high government debt balances, and their bond output spreads in the securities of the government have gone up, as a result, there is relegation of their sovereign ratings for credit. When an area suffers this crisis, it might be able to undergo a sudden discontinue of inflows from the foreign capital because of major loss of capitalist confidence regarding the economy. The Eurozone had kept an overall acceptable short-term financial credit between 1999 to the year 2007. However, there existed large as well as continuing inequities in the region.  "Greece, Spain, Portugal, and to a lesser extent Ireland†, sustained massive current account shortfalls, and Germany, Netherlands, along with Luxembourg, had profits in the account (Braga & Vincelette 222). The providers of the large plus extended current account losses are dissimilar across these countries. As years went by, the deficits balances of the current financial standing have been increasing, also, a decrease to the surpluses in the other countries. The existing crisis on debt commenced with the demise of the banking corporation in Iceland in the year 2008, and spread to some of the countries in Europe like the Ireland, Portugal, as well as Greece in the year 2009. At the beginning of the second half of this year, reports concerning the debt crisis on the United Sates also blew up (Economic Review 1; Braga & Vincelette 222-225). The crisis originated from various factors and had tremendous implications to the economy of the European countries. GDP Growth in the Euroz one, Q4 2009–Q1 2011 (Belkin, & Mix, & Nelson, 14) Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook, April 2011 (Belkin, & Mix, & Nelson, 4). Reasons behind the Financial Crisis The debts predicaments are featured to pro-cyclical economic policy in the period preceding the economic crisis. The countries impinged on had being managing large and untenable fiscal deficits for several years, largely funded through borrowing. The Government of Greek used deficit spending to increase extraordinarily, the people’s standard of living as the debt funded the joblessness societal benefits, raised the remuneration of public workers along with pensioners’ income, and sustained a mutually respectful labor market. The evident cause of the â€Å"European Debt Crisis† is also the changing of the ‘European Monetary Union’ (EMU) from financial stimuli to fiscal consolidation in the year 2009. Until that year, the EMU together with the entire European Union (EU) and other main financial systems followed the IMF order in the upshot of Lehman Brother’s insolvency, to promote global demand by way of increasing government spending. The

What is the Difference Between Biosphere and Ecosphere?

What is the Difference Between Biosphere and Ecosphere? Explain the difference between Biosphere, Ecosphere and Gaia and argue a case for adopting one of these descriptors for discussions of the earth Biosphere, Ecosphere and Gaia are used names of the global ecosystem. But each global ecosystem has its own or more meaning individually. The global ecosystem is natural cycles of interdependent organisms which shares and functions together in the same habitat. Ecosystems usually form a number of food webs. (Robert W. Christopherson 1996). Ecosystems relate to soil, plants, animals, chemicals and rocks amongst others of the planet. For example when we think of nature we think of living things such as planets and animals, the biotic components of an ecosystem include all the living things in an area. Biosphere â€Å"the place on earths surface where life dwells†. (Seuss E. 1875) Biosphere is a biological global sum of all ecosystems and life on earth which integrates all living things together from the beginning of time on earth evolving over billions of years. Estimated 3.5 billion years ago. (Campbell, Neil A. Brad Williamson, Robin J. Heyden 2006). The Biosphere originated from a geologist called Eduard Suess in 1875 but the concept wasnt really adapted until Vladimir Vernadsky in 1926 wrote the book the biosphere redefining biosphere as a current earth system this is a main core of ecology. The biosphere exchanges matter and energy with the other spheres, helping the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and along with other elements. This could be or is the reason why the biosphere is known as the global ecosystem, comprising the earth and performing all manner of biological functions, including photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, nitrogen fixation and gentrification. Gaia â€Å"The earth is more than just a home, its a living system and we are part of it.† (James Lovelock) is simply the core of James Lovelocks Gaia theory, also known as the Gaia hypothesis. It was originally proposed in 1963 by James Lovelock. While the name Gaia comes from a Greek goddess of earth it is mainly a similar take on the biosphere with the same components but proposed as viewing the earth as a single organism. James Lovelock said that Gaia was â€Å"a complex entity involving the Earths biosphere, atmosphere, oceans, and soil; the totality constituting a feedback or cybernetic system which seeks an optimal physical and chemical environment for life on this planet† (James Lovelock 1979). The Gaia hypothesis states that the earth is alive, the search for life on mars led to lovelocks belief in the existence of Gaia. While we know theres no life on mars or Venus, lovelock compared it with the earths atmosphere which is a mixture of gases making life presen t, while earths gas is not the same but is contained in a constant state suggesting a regulation of the whole system on earth for example the climate, ocean and air are a self regulated process. While James Lovelocks theory wasnt totally accepted it is one looked over by scientists with mixed questioning critically whilst criticize by others. While Biosphere is known to serve at high levels of scientific research and being a core factor in within biology and ecology using remote sensing systems to scan the entire earths surface. Future of Healthcare Technology: PACS Future of Healthcare Technology: PACS PACS is the healthcare technology of the future. â€Å"A picture archiving and communication system (PACS) is a computerized means of replacing the role of conventional radiological film: images are acquired, stored, transmitted, and displayed digitally.† PACS is not just used in the radiology department it can be used all over the hospital in any location, anytime, anywhere and even be used with other hospitals, between different physicians. There are advantages and disadvantages to choosing to use the PACS system. There are other technologies that have a dramatic impact on the delivery of patient care as well these technology along with the PACS system make healthcare better. One of the biggest advantages to using the PACS system is the fact that everything is done digitally. In my research I have found several reasons that hospitals should chose PACS to operate there radiology department as well as all the other areas in the hospital. In several articles it has stated that the use of PACS main advantage is â€Å"the improvement in efficiency.† PACS has been proven to decrease medical errors due to the fact â€Å"once an image has been acquired onto PACS it cannot be lost, stolen, or misfiled.† The PACS system also allows images to be available anywhere in the hospital whereas conventional film can only physically exist in one place at any one time. With the PACS system the physician can compare images at the same time. If an image is too dark or too light before you would have to retake the x-ray but with the PACS system you can adjust these things on the computer. Physician can also take an image from ten years ago and put it into the PACS system and compare it with the most recent image. Things like this can really help with diagnosis and treatment of patients. PACS also helps patient care be quicker because the physician can view the images anytime and anywhere in the hospital. For example if a patient is have trouble in the ICU the physician can view any images necessary to help treat the patient without leaving the ICU area therefore if the physician is needed he/she is right there. These images are available to all the members of the care team not just the physician. PACS system has been proven to save lives as well as lower medical errors. I read an article that stated â€Å"when the PACS system is fully utilized, the technology can play a significant role in reducing the potential for error by eliminating steps in the distribution and management of images and associated patient information across the enterprise. PACS system also allows hospital staff and physicians can schedule and order exams, update patient information across an enterprise, provide information and images to physicians at the point of care, and provide diagnostic tools, features, and functionality to ensure the highest quality of interpretation and diagnosis. Currently 20% of films are missing when needed. This wouldnt happen if they were using the PACS system. â€Å"All images in the PACS database are automatically grouped into the correct examination, are Chronologically ordered, correctly oriented and labeled, and can be easily retrieved which is not necessarily the case without the PACS system.† The pediatrics and neonatal unit were among the first clinical specialties to start using the PACS system. Radiographic images play a big role in these departments. Time is very crucial in these units so it is a great advantage that you dont have to go to the radiology department to retrieve these images. This is one good example how the PACS system can save lives and why the hospital should be using this system. There are some disadvantages to the PACS system as well as with any system that you may choose to use. One disadvantage to the PACS system is cost of installing the PACS system in the hospital setting. In the year 1999 the cost of intalling the PACS system was one to two million dollars with a six percent annual maintenance. Studies have shown that PACS would pay for itself in five years. Another disadvantage is once you have gone filmless there is risk that the PACS system could have a system failure with this in mind as long as the data is backed up daily. One other potential problem of PACS is that the staff may not have the knowledge to be able to use the PACS system. In my research I found that when the PACS system is used along with the EMR and the CPOE there is a dramatic impact on patient care. The EMR is where all medical records, including all of patient images, pathology, surgical results and history are done and stored electronically. The CPOE is where the physicians use computers to due order entry. â€Å"Each of these things in isolation helps somewhat with patient care but when the three are used together the results are much greater. In Conclusion, healthcare technology is going to computerization and there is no stopping it. We are in an era where computers are an important part of daily life not just in the healthcare field. Learning how to use computers and there software is crucial for survival. In this paper I talked about one of the most rapidly growing systems in healthcare the PACS system. PACS is the healthcare technology of the future. â€Å"A picture archiving and communication system (PACS) is a computerized means of replacing the role of conventional radiological film: images are acquired, stored, transmitted, and displayed digitally.† PACS is not just used in the radiology department it can be used all over the hospital in any location, anytime, anywhere and even be used with other hospitals, between different physicians. I also talked about the advantages and disadvantages of the PACS system as well as other systems that work along with the PACS System. References: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1718393/pdf/v083p00082.pdf http://www.psqh.com/janfeb05/pacs.html http://www.medicexchange.com/PACS/going-filmless-intro-to-pacs-pa..

Angola Millennium Goals Report 2010 Essay -- Goal Analysis

CONTENT 1. Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦3 2. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 3. 2.a. United Nations - Millennium Development Goals Project.......................................4 4. 2.b. Angola †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 5. The first goal †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 6. 3.a What is the goal ? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 7. 3.b. Angola`s targets †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 8. 3.c.Angola`s challenges †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 9. 3.d. Will Angola complete the goal †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 10. 4.The sixth goal †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦........................6 11. 4.a.What is the goal ? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..6 12. 4.b.1. Angola`s target †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦...............................6 13. 4.b.2.Angola`s progress†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.............................6 14. 4.c. Angola`s challenges †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦.............................7 15. 4.d.WillAngolacompletethegoal †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...........................7 16. 5.Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....................7 17. References list †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 1. Abstract There are many regions of Africa involved in war, from the Ivory Coast in the west to sub Saharan Africa. Many of the issues are occur in Africa such as violence, AIDS/HIV diseases, poverty, famine, ethnic or religious conflict, corruption, and economic stagnation .This report analyses two goals from the Millennium Development Goals Project through Angola`s efforts to reach them(United Nation 2010 ). The aim of this paper is to explain the Millennium Development Goals in Angola as an underdeveloped country with a focus on two goals. The first one is reduction of e... ...ewed 17 June 2010 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ao.html. ‘Litigation Report Corruption in Angola - A Human Rights Violation’, December 2008,pp 1-54 viewed 20 June 2010. . MDG Monitor 2010, ‘Tracking the millennium Development Goals‘, viewed 22 JUNE 2010, ‘National strategy plan on HIV-AIDS’, 2008, pp. 1- 49, viewed 17 June 2010 http://www.womenandaids.net/CMSPages/GetFile.aspx?guid=02a80000-587a../pdf United Nation 2010, ‘The Millennium Development Goals’, viewed 10 June 2010. http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/. ‘The Millennium Development Goals report’ 2008, United Nation, viewed 10 June 2010. http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/The%20Millennium%20Development%20Goals%20Report%202008.pdf.

Teenage Years Are Depressing :: essays research papers

Teenage years are depressing because they are going through some of the biggest changes in their life. Teens start high school and have to deal with being little in a school again. They go through major hormonal changes. Their bodies develop and grow. They have to decide whether or not they are going to college or not. If they choose college, then what college will meet their needs the best? Will they even be accepted to the college they want to go to? These are major decisions and changes they have never experienced before. Then there is the daily life. They wake up in the morning dreading school, they know they have to go. They just don't want to go. Then they get ready and go to school. They are depressed about school. They go to all their classes. The end of the day is nearing and they may be depressed about having to go home. Their family life might be bad. They go home and what do you do? Sit down, watch television, play a video game, lock themselves in their room, or just going around being mad at everyone and their life. This really is the pits. They need to change their life whether it be changing their after school activity or changing their attitude. Depression is defined as a psychoneurotic or psychotic disorder marked especially by sadness, inactivity, difficulty in thinking and concentration, a significant increase or decrease in appetite and time spent sleeping, feelings of dejection and hopelessness, and sometimes suicidal tendencies. No two people feel or experience depression the same way. The symptoms and causes of depression are very different for everyone. Lawrence Clayton, Ph.D. and Sharon Carter write, "The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [reported that] for 4 to 10 percent of the American public at any given time the ["downer"] mood doesn't lift." They also reported that one quarter of the population would experience a major depressive period during their lifetime (8). One out of four people will have a problem with depression in the United States. NIMH also reported that "approximately 4 out of a 100 teenagers get seriously depressed each year. Clinical Depression is a serious illness that can affect anybody, INCLUDING TEENAGERS" ("Let's Talk" 1). Gerald D. Oster, Ph.D., Sarah S. Montgomery, MSW, write, "Clinical depression refers to a condition marked by the changes in one's mood and by associated behaviors that range from a mild degree of sadness to intensely experienced feelings of hopelessness and suicidal thought's" (43).

Juvenile Life Imprisonment

Kirsten Shew A Juvenile’s Right to Change Making mistakes is part of human nature and the progression of self-identity. People do it all of the time, and among people even children make mistakes. Sometimes, the degree of the mistake is minor and other times it is disturbingly extensive. Either way, a punishment is almost mandatory and in the case of an extensive punishment life imprisonment is only too often considered and acted upon.Shutting a child away in prison should be out of the question for three main reasons: they have a chance at rehabilitation, such an immense degree of punishment is unconstitutional and juveniles are in no way the same as adults. As a teen, you are most vulnerable to the shaping of beliefs, identity and viewpoints. Currently, there are over 2,500 individuals serving life without parole due to a crime they committed when they were as young as 13. When you send a child to prison for life, they arrive there just as that – a child.They are vulne rable and they are frightened. Change, for them, seems like the best decision in the world at that moment and later in their future it could be the best choice they had made. Teen offenders who commit mass crimes such as homicide or battery are often sentenced to an adult prison instead of a juvenile rehabilitation center. In an adult prison, a juvenile learns the ways of these older peers who have the extreme power to influence them and teach them the ways of a true criminal.In a juvenile rehabilitation center, they are surrounded by other teens that had committed crimes relatable to theirs and are influenced by other’s desires to change and become a real member of society. In an article by Steven Silverman, he talks about case of Zachary Watson and Emmanuel Miller who had both committed what was to believe a hate crime and had both asked to be sent to juvenile court. Miller’s wish had been granted and Watson’s had been refuted.In adult prison, Watson was stabb ed and repeatedly harassed while Miller, in juvenile prison, received his GED, played on the football team and obtained amazing observations from his teachers. In another case, there was a boy, Scott Fillipi, who shot his mother and after he was released from prison he joined the army and became a member of the Presidential Honor Guard. Also, Charles Dutton killed a person at the age of 17 and is now an award winning actor-producer. Based on where hey spend their sentence, in a rehabilitation center or an adult prison, it will determine how well the individual will progress. In Missouri they constructed a juvenile system where, after leaving, only 8 percent of juveniles ended up back in prison. Rehabilitation offers children another chance to right their wrongs and become a real member of society. The eighth amendment of the U. S constitution states, â€Å"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. In 1999, Kuntre ll Jackson robbed a video store with his friends and soon found out his friend had murdered the store clerk with a shotgun. He was 14 years old and was sentenced to life without parole even though he was not the shooter; the shooter received life with the possibility of parole. Rodrigo Caballero was a diagnosed schizophrenic and gang member who had shot three rival gang members and was condemned to 110 years in prison. To send a child away from society, their friends, and their family and shut them away for the rest of their life is callous and unnecessary.Putting them into an adult prison is like offering the prisoners fresh meat; the juvenile would likely be handed over to sexual predators and no child, no matter the crime committed, should have to go through something so horrendous. They are more likely to get beat, raped or commit suicide in adult prison than through the juvenile justice system. If it were a 53 year old man who had viciously murdered another human being, to lock him away for the rest of his life is adequate. Since a 53 year old man is far beyond the ripeness of growing mentally, he is unlikely to ever come back from that mental state that left him to take a life.There was a study held by The Human Rights Watch and The American Civil Liberties Union that showed that many of the young prisoners admitted to struggling with hallucinations, anxiety and depression while in the adult prisons. The more humane act of punishment would be to send them to a juvenile justice system where they would be offered counseling and mental health services. One crime does not define who the child is and their beliefs and desires. They do not deserve to have their positive mental health forced from them when it should be preserved by the people who are supposed to protect them, not put them in harm’s way.The correction officials have a duty to protect us and the responsibility to save the future generations from everlasting scarring when they are put in th e hands of the adult justice system and still have so much to offer the world. If someone has the capability to be rehabilitated, then why would another person take that chance away from them? When people think of adults, they often imagine somebody who is mature and sophisticated and someone who has seen the world for what it is.But, when people think of adolescents they think of someone who is ripe in their education, immature, prone to influence and just mentally different than an adult. Just because an adolescent commits an atrocious crime does not infer that they are any more grown up than any other child their age. Young children are more likely to break rules and act on impulses than adults; they have a lower sense of responsibility and are completely vulnerable to peer pressure. When they decide to commit a crime, when their yearning to break the law exceeds its limits, they are usually unaware of the consequences that will be brought on by their crime.Being sent into an adu lt prison is no doubt hard for adults, but for a child it’s almost unbearable, which is why they commonly resort to ending their life. A study by the University of California shows that â€Å"teens often lack the social and emotional maturity to control impulses† and â€Å"emotional maturity isn’t attained till after 22. † Kids who commit crimes are more frequently being tried as adults and being sent into adult prisons where they will be faced with rape, assault, peer pressure and negative influences.Being that children are more prone to influences than adults, because they are so unaware of the consequences of certain actions, they would be more susceptible to take on the ways of adult offenders and their chance at righting their wrongs in an adult prison is slim to none. Teen offenders would be forced to spend the majority of their life in a prison cell when they still have room in their souls to grow and prove their morality. Allowing a convicted crim inal back into society is no doubt risky and for some people it is an immense idea to be open to.There is always a chance that the juvenile would relapse in a way and go back to their life of crime. Or, maybe they would spread their past experiences on to other vulnerable children and open their minds to the idea that violence is the way to solve problems. Then again, there is always the chance that they might not. How would anybody ever know what kind of change a person is capable of if they’re not offered the chance to prove themselves? If an adult had come from an adult prison that they had been in since they were a teen, the likeliness of them returning to their previous way of life is extremely likely.If they’re not offered counseling or mental health services when they are younger and more prone to influence, then they would know no other way of life than that of the one in adult prison. A person who commits a crime should no doubt be held responsible and serve t ime, no matter what their age or excuse is. A child is so inclined to change, that they should serve time in a place that allows them to change. Maybe, they wouldn’t change at all being placed in a juvenile rehabilitation center, but because everyone is different every child deserves a second chance at life to prove themselves worthy of being a part of society.A changed person, who had once been part of the dark side of reality, could prove a role model to other children who had made mistakes. Raphael Johnson started a community policing program and received his bachelor’s and master’s degree with honors after being released from prison for shooting and killing a classmate when he was 17. He even ran for public office. Charles Dutton became an award winning actor-producer after quitting school when he was 12 years old and committed manslaughter.This is not saying that committing an exorbitant crime is okay because the convict will back to normal again when theyà ¢â‚¬â„¢re released; it is saying that people are capable of amazing feats and have the ability to turn their life around. They just need the chance to prove so. Juveniles do not deserve to spend their whole life in prison. No matter what they did. Because of their ability to accomplish significant change and their ability to be influenced more than adults, they still have a chance at rehabilitation, it will always be unconstitutionally wrong and they are not the same as adults just because they committed a crime.To lock a child away for the rest of their life is immoral and cruel, but to send them away to a rehabilitation center where they can still be punished by forcing them to face what they have done and yet still receive counseling to deal with their problems and set them straight is a much more sensible approach. If more juvenile delinquents were to be dealt with in juvenile court, instead of adult court, society would have gained another person who now knows the consequences of certain actions and would be looked to as a role model for change. Do not neglect them of a punishment, but allow them an opportunity at a transformation.