Social Problem

Nowadays , social problems are very serious and we should pay more attention to these problems. As a part of the community , we should be concerned about social problems. Every day we read the newspaper and get the news from media, almost every day the newspaper and the media reports are about the social problems. All sorts of social problems will appear in our surrounding , but we cannot turn a blind eye and a deaf ear. We need to find ways to solve these social problems so that the society will not be mess order.Social problems are some condition , set of events or group of persons constitutes a troublesome situation that needs to be changed or improved. Social problems are like time bomb , when it explode, it will be out of control. Social problems let us live in a pressured situation. Today’s society there are too many examples of social problems, I took a few more popular examples to explain in detail. Explain the social problems in the end how it affects the growth of ou r country and the ways of prevent to reduce the social issue. Now, we take a look at what social problems are the most popular .Firstly ,the most common and the most serious social problems in our life are gangsters. Speaking of gangsters, will make people tremble with fear. Gangsters are not limited to age, previous may be older establishment gangsters, now both primary and secondary schools also have a group of students create a own gangster within the school. They will require students to pay a protection fee , if students do not, they will use means to force students pay protection money . Gangsters may intimidation , harassment and find someone to hit the student until the student willing to pay money.As long as someone offended gangster boss or brother, the man must not be at peace. Gangsters will send someone to give warning and told the man who is the stronger one. Gangsters also smoking , fighting , make trouble and provoke others everywhere. In short , they do any bad thin g, also bully the weak . New gangs also never lost on the old gang . Next, the gangs will cause the growth of our country to have a negative impact . These will be brought to the community a lot of unnecessary trouble and fear. So that the country would be in a very unstable state.People in other countries will be disappointedin our country, they are afraid to trade in our country and the economic will downturn . Just so that our country is greatly losses and enough to affect the development of the country . Moreover , there are several ways to prevent the establishment of gangs . The first step is whenever you see someone organization gangs immediately alarm . Second is counselors to counsel these kids . Also let the parents pay more attention to children’s behavior and trends ,and more concern for children .The second problem is traffic jams , in our country always occur the traffic problems especially during the peak time are often traffic jams . I often think that our cou ntry really is so many cars ? Our country has many public transport can ride like bus and LRT . In the end is too rich or people do not want to take the public transport with others or they do not want wake up early to catch the bus and LRT . In my observation , most of the vehicles are driving one in the working hours . And a family is more than owning a car . When there is the festival season , have long queues of vehicles on the road .People are required to spend half a day in the car ,it's really a headache . Apart from that ,this problem makes our country's poor reputation when it comes to the transportation. Foreigners evaluation of our traffic is low. Affect the ranking of our country is seriously lagging behind . This is enough to affect our reputation severely damaged . Following that ,have a problem we have to go to solve . The solution of a traffic jam is government can greatly promote the public transport and explain the advantage of using public transport .If just your colleagues or friends to the same place , that simply driving a car is enough or everyone turns driving their own car with a colleague or friend . As long as people are willing to comply , then the problem can be solved . The third problem that I think need to be paid more attention to is illegal immigrant. Illegal immigrants mixed the name suggests is that there is no approved . Illegal immigrants once they are caught will suffer severe punishment or be forced to exit or leave to country they are in.If the illegal immigrants think that the country is not properly managed, these immigration will be able to sneak into our country without any fear of being caught or punished . Our country has a huge and important part of responsibility and also need to ensure that there are no problems in the country due to these immigrants. Illegal immigrants seemingly innocuous, but in fact , it hurt not to be looked down upon small . Their arrival so that people reduce jobs , because their low sala ries , better efficiency and the important one, they are hardworking than people in our country .The other is that they cause a lot of distress and they will rob and trouble . Many social chaos is manufactured or are cased mostly by them . We should immediately think of a way to solve this problem so that we are getting the security and tranquility. The checkpoint staff must strictly regulate immigration checkpointsand not to let them muddle through . People are urgerto pay very close attention to suspicious person around and if found, it has to be immediately notifiedto the police . Police and people ‘s cooperation are essential and vital to crack down on illegal immigrants.The fourth social problem is divorce which happens in every place around the world. There will be a divorce as long as there are men , women , and married . I really cannot figure out why people want a divorce and had chosen to marry . Although divorce is very easy , but the marriage is not child’ s play . Since the original thought of marriage , think of the consequences of divorce , do not impulse bad throughout life . The high divorce rate is not a good thing for a country . If the divorce rate is higher , on behalf of the people does not pay attention to the views of marriage .Marriage is a sacred thing , many people have opted for early marriage . For this reason and cause the divorce rate to improve . This country has given the impression that marriage is a failure , this once again undermines the reputation of the country . What method can reduce the divorce rate ? It is up to people to their own ideas . Government should be called on the people to not be too early marriage , early marriage has a lot of potential problems . Now , society difficult and having a family is not an easy task .Marriage gave birth to the child , if divorce the child does not have a perfect family environment to grow and will leave to childhood shadow . Ultimately suffering only child . So , th ink about it before marriage . The fifth is environmental pollution problems , this is also the community most concern . Environmental pollution refersto human discharged to the environment than its self-purification capacity of substances or energy , so that the quality of the environment to reduce the phenomena of an adverse impact on the survival and development of humanity , ecosystems , and property .The most common are water pollution , air pollution , and noise pollution . Water pollution will harm to human death and directly affect the water quality of the drinking water source then produce many diseases . Furthermore , it will constrain economic development because the industrial use of water as a raw material or washing products and directly participate in the processing of products. Deterioration of the water quality will directly affect the quality of product. Water pollution for human health , agriculture , fisheries and other sideline have largely affected the developm ent of the economy!Air pollution will affect the body health and also the impact of weather and climate . People believe that climate change may cause a variety of air pollutants , carbon dioxide has a significant role in . The content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere according to the current rate of increase continues , after a number of years will make the north and south ends of the ice melting , leading to global climate anomalies . Noise pollution will damage to the hearing of the human body . The worse case can cause deafness. Noise can induce a variety of diseases .The impact of noise on sleep great , people even in sleep , hearing , have to bear the noise stimulus . It will distract people ’ s attention , leading to unresponsive , fatigue , decreased work efficiency and error rate rise . So, we must not underestimate the importance of these three pollution damaged. It must find a way to prevent . Prevention and treatment methods for all pollution is severely punish ed or give warning to them . Noise prevention measures is to minimize the sound decibel value or use sound – absorbing , sound insulation , noise barrier isolation and other measures .For air pollution is reducing emissions of pollutants and afforestation . There is also a most important is to start with ourselves . Do not throw waste , the perfect city is everyone ’s responsibility . Lastly , the way of preventing water pollution is before we drink the water , we boiled or filter it . We also can actively promote â€Å"clean production† . Clean production to change the existing unsustainable methodsof raw material and energy consumption , to encourage sustainable production using non- toxic products . Of course , our government should control our environment .Cannot just verbally agreed to without action because protecting the environment is everyone ‘s responsibility . As a conclusion , all these issues makes me feel , is social change or human nature ha s changed . Only human indifference , will bring up this society today . We can really make it cool treatment? Our society is reduced to a point where it is we want to do ? The first condition is the protection of society the people must lead by example . In fact , as long as everyone concerted effort to make a change, it certainly can . If everyone changed , then the social will peaceful . I sincerely hope we can do this !

Quality Improvement Plan Final Essay

The journey of quality improvement is a responsibility of all those involved in patient care. At The Women’s Hospital (TWH) at Saint Joseph East (SJE) it was decided that a change in culture would be needed and focus was directed on decreasing the length of stay (LOS) for maternity patients. Quality process improvement is a formal approach to the analysis of performance and systematic efforts through a team approach to improve the outcomes for patients and staff (Spath, 2013). Types of Care The Women’s Hospital at SJE is a state-of-the-art free standing facility that provides exclusive care for the women of central and eastern Kentucky. Services include both high and low risk maternity care, a level three neonatal intensive care nursery, cardiology and rheumatology services, all exclusively specialized and conveniently under one roof for women. The mission of TWH is shared by the larger market based organization of Catholic Health Initiatives (CHI). As part of the mission statement of CHI and TWH the goal is to â€Å"†¦create healthier communities†, this is done through culture changing quality improvement processes such as decreasing the LOS (Catholic Health Initiatives [CHI], 2014, para. 1). The Women’s Hospital welcomes the chance to collaborate with SJE and other hospitals within CHI to offer quality improvement data while supporting the mission of the organization. Role of Consumers Health care is a business just like any other, with customers that have a choice where to obtain services. The customer is just beginning to become an integral part in the quality improvement process for health care. At TWH the role the patient and family plays will help to shape a culture of improved safety and quality of care. Patients and families are engaged in the quality improvement process through patient surveys, bedside reporting, and direct observation through patient rounding by nursing management. The organization of TWH practices transparency and public methodology. Quality results are reported and available through websites supported by agencies such The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services, The Joint Commission and  the Kentucky Hospital Engagement Network. To assist the consumer in partnering with TWH in quality improvement the websites for TWH offer links to resources to navigate the websites that provide the reported quality data. Three Quality Indicators The organization has both internal and external accountability to quality indicators. External quality indicators are used by government agencies, third party payers and consumers to define a quality hospital stay (Kelly, 2011). The external indicators relevant to consumers for TWH include; overall patient satisfaction with hospital stay, infection rates for surgeries and patient satisfaction with nursing care. Knowing patient satisfaction with an organization, for those that are seeking similar services will allow a consumer to know if they will be able to have the desired experience at TWH. When infection rates are reported to external agencies it allows consumers to make informed decisions as to the safety of the care provided by TWH and speaks to the transparency of the quality improvement programs. Lastly, since everyone in the hospital will have contact with a nurse, the reporting of patient satisfaction with nursing care will promote the compassionate nursing culture of care available at TWH. Monitoring and reporting quality indicators externally allows the organization to know if the customer’s interests are being properly served. Stakeholders and the QI Process The Women’s Hospital at SJE takes a proactive approach to quality improvement. This approach means including all stakeholder involved in patient care; patients, managers, administration, medical staff, health insurers, accrediting agencies, and the mission team. In addition to patient surveys and manager rounding, TWH has a quarterly community group that meets to listen to the needs of its members. This multidisciplinary team is comprised of executive team associates, nursing staff, medical staff, former patients, commercial insurance representatives and is open to anyone interested in the community. Information learned in these meetings is then taken back the perinatal quality committee and serves as direction for future efforts of quality improvement initiatives. Jointly working to improve the quality of care will create an environment of trust between TWH  and the community served. In conclusion, the responsibility of quality improvement is shared by all members of the health care team and includes the patient. Importance and relevance of quality indicators is influenced by internal and external factors. At The Women’s Hospital, efforts are made to incorporate the role of the consumer in improving the quality of care delivered and through collaboration achieve optimal outcomes for both patient and caregiver. References Catholic Health Initiatives. (2014). About Us. Retrieved from http://www.catholichealth.net/mission-and-vision Kelly, D. L. (2011). Applying quality management in healthcare-A systems approach (3rd ed.). Retrieved from the University of Phoenix eBook Collection Database. Spath, P. (2013). Introduction to healthcare quality management (2nd ed.). Retrieved from the University of Phoenix eBook Collection Database.

Art In Society Essay

Art is an influential means of presenting the true meaning of beauty in humankind which cannot be expressed by any other ways. It bonds people from all forms of society in such a way they respond to ideas that is universally pleasing to them. Art has the magic in shaping a harmonious society as long as it is being expressed to entertain in a positive and beneficial way. To be able to know the impact of art in a society, it is only required to classify any forms of art in their true and artificial meaning. Although people have different significance to art, the objective in making a true piece of it usually involves human kindness, pride and responsibility. Since art is always influenced by the society it also has a connection with different societies. An egalitarian society in general uses the principle that all men regardless of any race are equal under the law. In industrial society the form of society is in societal structure which means that the society itself is bound by its own rules and structure and separated from other society. Beyond the societies are the doctrines and values. Utilitarianism is the principled policy that an act must have a benefit in order to be morally good. In western principle, this emphasizes that the greatest thing must happen to the most number of people to prove its worth as a utilitarian act (Commitment, 2007). Spirituality pertains to the soul or its love for God or its affections as inspired by the divine Spirit. To classify, the association of spirituality and utilitarianism in art can have different manifestations. Believers of utilitarianism can portray art in any angle, depiction, style, forwardness and with few limitations. Spiritual art however, may emit from the personal spiritual experiences of the artist although the art form is not really related with religion (Sumartono, 2001). Work Cited: Commitment, G. O. (2007). A Wisdom Archive on Utilitarianism [Electronic Version]. Retrieved August 14, 2007 from http://www. experiencefestival. com/utilitarianism. Sumartono. (2001). SPIRITUAL ART AMONG SPIRITUALITIES [Electronic Version]. Retrieved August 14, 2007 from http://asianchristianart. org/exhibitions/asae2001/pages/spiritual-art. html.

How and why did Greek writers, painters and sculptors compare and Essay

How and why did Greek writers, painters and sculptors compare and contrast the values and virtues of Greeks and Barbarians - Essay Example Greek history has uncertain beginnings and varying boundaries because it encompasses eras of expansion over many centuries.In this context Greek authors, artists and sculptors took it for granted that Greek culture was superior to the othercultures When the Greek civilization was at the height of its powers in the archaic and classical periods, from around 800 BC until about 300 BC it ruled vast areas of the Eastern Mediterranean and much further inland, exacting tribute from conquered peoples and passing on its illustrious literature and culture to many other tribes and nations. In this context Greek authors, artists and sculptors simply took it for granted that Greek culture was superior to the cultures that could not demonstrate the advanced technologies that the Greeks possessed. Some cultures like the Egyptians, for example, had great cities, stone monuments and works of literature which earned the respect of the Greeks, but those who preferred a nomadic lifestyle were regarded simply as ‘barbarians.’ Very often this label was used in ignorance, and it served to make as big a distance as possible in Greek minds between those who were within its extended territorial reach, and those who were beyond it. In short, all that was culturally good and proper and admirable was Greek, and all that the barbarian cultures represented was depicted in opposite terms. In modern language we would call this a stereotype, and then, as now, there was some truth in this stereotype, but it was by no means the full story. This paper explores the way that Greeks define and depict themselves and the barbarians through various artefacts including literature, painting and sculpture. It covers the values and the virtues of Greek and of barbarian as seen from the Greek point of view, both positive and negative, as demonstrated through actions and outward appearance. Hall points out that there were hundreds of tragedies written for fifth century Athenian theatre and that more than half of them introduce barbarian characters, choruses and locations, even when there is no need for these details in the main plot: â€Å"Supernumerary foreign characters or choruses, and the ubiquity of allusions to the other, inferior, world beyond Hellas, therefore provide evidence that barbarians were a particular preoccupation of the Greek tragedians. 1 Hall identifies two main areas of difference between Greeks and barbarians. The first is political, thanks to the Greek commitment to democracy as a form of government for a modern state: â€Å"Greeks are democratic and egalitarian; the barbarians are tyrannical and hierarchical†2 although this conveniently overlooks the fact that Greek wealth and leisure to depended upon a large underclass of slaves who were mostly non-Greeks. The second area of difference that Hall observes is harder to define, and lies in the area of psychology and attitude, whereby the barbarian is cast in the role of â€Å"other.† T his notion permeates Greek thinking and this kind of polarization is a tendency which has been present in European history ever since. It is important to remember that our modern understanding of race and nationhood may not exactly match the way that these ideas were understood in early Greek history. Greece was made up of a collection of small city states, and they had ties with the center of Greek culture in Athens, but they also had ties with the geographical areas surrounding them, some of which differed greatly from the Athenian norms. Different Greek cities had different perspectives. Geary notes that the fifth century Greek historian Herodotus indulges in a certain amount of simplistic â€Å"us and them† thinking, but at the same time probes the backgrounds of the peoples such as the Persians whom the Greeks encountered as enemies in long and bitter wars: â€Å"Herodotus invented both history and ethnography.† 3 This is not, however ethnography as we would under stand it today. Geary explains that for Herodotus it is not biological or political factors that connect a group

Mock Study Sampling and Data Collection Approaches Assignment

Mock Study Sampling and Data Collection Approaches - Assignment Example sampling approach is proposed for the study because of the wide geographical area that the target organization covers, suitability of the sampling design for such diversity, and statistical advantages of the design. Stratified random sampling is a restricted probability sampling approach (Sekaran and Bougie, 2010) in which a population is divided into subgroups and random sampling implemented in each sub-group. Homogeneity within sub groups that distinguishes members of a subgroup from members of other subgroups informs the division (Votg, 2007). Differences in state laws and possible social and cultural values across state boundaries inform the boundaries as the basis for stratification. The sampling design will therefore ensure representation of all sales consultants of the organization towards internal reliability of the study’s results. In addition, eliminated bias through the randomized approach will ensure validity of developed data from sample besides external reliabili ty. Stratified random sampling, like simple random sampling, is easy to implement and this ensure validity due to sampling ccuracy. A sample size of 510 participants is proposed for the study. Seventeen states will be selected at random and a branch of the company selected from each of the states, at random. From each branch, five supervisors or managers will be selected at random and a further five sales consultants, operating under each of the supervisors or managers selected at random. The stratified random approach will contribute to validity and reliability of the study (Christensen, Johnson, and Turner, 2011) and the sample size is adequate because it falls within used sample size ranges in similar studies. Explored literature from empirical studies identifies use of such sizes as 408, 71, and 74 (Graham, Ziegert, and Capitano, 2015; Liden, Wayne, Liao, and Meuser, 2014; Aragon-Correa, Garcia-Morales, and Cordon-Pozo, 2007). Economic feasibility, due to proposed use of internet-based

The strategic options that are appropriate to Apple Coursework

The strategic options that are appropriate to Apple - Coursework Example According to the research findings there are various forces characterising the company’s operations. Though Apple boasted of an increase in the sales of the iPad tablet computer, the situation obtaining in the market has been a cause for concern from 2011 since this was likely to have an effect on the smartphone market. It can be seen that though Apple’s larger percentage of revenue came from other non computer products such as iPod and iPhone, there have been some changes in the Smartphone and Tablet industry given that it has been characterised by stiff competition as going to be explained below. However, Google’s development of the Android operating system resulted in the development of smartphones that matched a lot of iPhone’s best features. Google remained the greatest threat to Apple given that different smartphone makers were developing products similar to iPod and would run on the Android operating system. For instance, Acer entered the market for smartphone with the launch of its liquid line of stylish and high end smartphones which used Google’s Android operating system in 2009 and was later developed through the years until 2012. According to The New York Times, the aspect of competition in the Smartphone and Tablet industry cannot be ignored. For instance, Foxconn technology assembles nearly 40 % of all consumer electronics and counts and counts among its clients which include: Nintendo, Nokia, Samsung, Dell, Hewlett-Packard with its palm, Motorola and Sony. Though China presented a lucrative market for the Smartphones in 2010 to 2011, the main problem encountered was related to the emergence of counterfeit products. However, as noted above, with the market for Smartphones growing rapidly, competition was also becoming apparent particularly Google’s entry into the market with its android operating system. However, RIM grabbed the market share with its Blackberry service in 2011 which was specially designed to meet the needs of the business people

Are computers making us excessively depend on technology Research Paper

Are computers making us excessively depend on technology - Research Paper Example In a bid to realize this, technology has had to come in handy. Technology has essentially offered the society internet, cellphones, business systems, teaching and learning tools, communication platforms, and entertainment among others (Dumas, 2012). Across these essential provisions of technology, computers count as vital components that enhance technology exploitation. In this respect, people’s lives have become more oriented towards computer use and subsequently excessively dependent on technology. Transport, education, work, entertainment, business, and communication among other computer-technology-based factors have become highly computerized (Sachs, 2011).This has followed the need to take advantage of emerging, new, and advanced technologies. Technology transfer has also gained ground all over world, thereby subjecting diverse societies to technological growth and development and computer use. Globalization, social, economic, and political change, and contemporary industrial revolution also continue to shift the globe towards computerization. This shift can be termed excessive based on the vibrant global technological development. Khosrow-Pour, M. (2002). Issues and Trends of Information Technology Management in Contemporary Organizations: 2002 Information Resources Management Association International Conference, Seattle, Washington, USA, May 19-22, 2002, Volume 1. New York: Idea Group, Inc.

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Strategic Management - Essay Example Human capital development according to them entails such activities as hiring contingency workers and outsourcing of labor in non-core areas so as to focus the regular human capital to the most important areas (core competencies). This serves two purposes namely: Contingency workers and outsourcing can provide certain technical and professional skills at very reduced costs. However the authors also highlight the several shortcomings that come with outsourcing. These include: The authors conclude that outsourcing, as a strategy must be used with great care, failure to which less beneficial static flexibility may result. Another area outlined in the development of human capital is training and other forms of skill development. Better-trained employee are usually highly motivated as well as empowered to play an even more important role when it comes to innovativeness. The discussion is largely relevant today since the trends identified in their day continue to this day. This is not to say that the environment has not changed, Indeed it has and many organizations are now focusing on more strategic training which is basically acquiring knowledge, skills, and approaches needed to initially do a job or to perk up upon the performance of a particular task. Today’s management authorities are eager to measure the impacts of these strategies and to design programs of continually advancing this knowledge. Today’s executives clearly understand the relationship between results and the people in the organization. They more often than not seek to recruit the most talented, individuals developing and deploying them in the most crucial areas in the organization. Progress is analyzed and challenges constantly evaluated with the view of coming up with strategies that best match the core values of the organization. The subject of human capital management has

Computer and Network Hardware Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Computer and Network Hardware - Assignment Example We have also considered the other factors that include total number of employees, departments, current state and nature of the services provided by your organization. We have explained the characteristics of network servers, routers, hubs, network model and topology in the following sections. In order to develop a Computing Facility capable of providing 24 X 7 operations, it is necessary to identify and define the services to be provided by the Computer Server Room. We have identified following services: Operating Systems for servers and laptops are mentioned in the above table, the other software we proposed for clients and servers include Microsoft Office and anti-virus. On both servers, we would install OS Windows Server 2008 along with Active Directory Services, DNS and DHCP on first server, whereas on the second server we would install FTP, ERP Application along with its database and backup/Network Access Storage. We would use server virtualization to fully utilize the high end servers by executing multiple applications on single machine/server. The following diagram shows the network model in which router/firewall (according to need of the organization) would be connected to internet and the switch/hub which further connected to servers and WAPs to establish a LAN. As the organization is growing, therefore, we have used star topology which provides better performance, centralized management with easy monitoring, and above all we can enhance the LAN in future (if required). Microsoft Corporation. (2012). How do hubs, switches, routers, and access points differ?. Retrieved from:

Abortion is the Denial of Every Liberty without further Argument Essay

Abortion is the Denial of Every Liberty without further Argument - Essay Example Devoid of the privilege towards life, the other privileges are worthless. It is one of the most debated topics of this century. They have been performed for years, legally and illegally, all for the sake of one thing... to end an unwanted pregnancy. In modern society, abortion has become the number one birth control pill. A woman who happens to pregnant often believes abortion as their initial alternative. Because being poor, too young, unmarried, and not wanting a baby is most popular reasons for women to have an abortion. Another most common issue involving abortion is rape. Some women keep in mind that terminating a pregnancy might have to do with the health of the pregnant woman, or maybe this woman is unable to concentrate on the child’s needs after it’s born. In today’s society, more and more women are becoming pregnant at earlier ages. The majority of these women will opt to get an abortion while the rest will either keep the child or give it up for adoption. Some abortions may occur because contraception fails or because of a serious medical condition of the mother, which could lead to her death. In these situations, abortion is often the only way that prevents the birth of an unwanted child or saves a mothers life. So whatever our society decides to do with abortion, remember the effects that could happen to the world as a whole. She does this by her own free will, and she can control over what she is doing. So, if women are going to participate in this risky and unsafe practice, then they must be ready to pay the consequences; killing the innocent baby does not show any responsibility at all. They think the fetus is not yet a human being. Abortion certainly leads to health problems. According to some mothers, the worst part of having an abortion is the emotional pain that it brings once it is done (MariAnna, 2002).  Ã‚  

Learning Team Internal and External Factors Paper Essay Example for Free

Learning Team Internal and External Factors Paper Essay Amongst today’s societies The McDonalds Corporations is considered one of many; that has successfully in so many ways used a combination of various marketing strategies and skills to become a globally known successful origination. McDonalds a global business in most countries around the world can also face a lot of challenges and issues. The McDonalds Corporations has learned and brought about changes according to the needs of its consumers per hour and should always remain flexible to changes within the environment that deals with current customer trends, government and or legal restrictions, and the development of technology. The McDonalds Corporations technology structural and also its financial assets of the company are perfect marketing positions. McDonalds without a doubt is completely abundant with many aspects in structure, finance and of course technology. To help, identify and implement majority of these assets within the proper directions towards the improvement of the corporations would be all that is needed. The McDonalds Corporations overall is producing their main product, creating items within their own kitchen, and cooking on their own grills. This means the use of equipment, certain control devices, the regulation of temperature, the business point-of sales system, inventory process, financial and communication information are all linked into different technology that impacts the corporation. Now with public awareness of technology and cultures more people are starting to become a little more health conscious, and have access to finding out about certain quality ingredients, and knowing the lack of minerals that may have an overall negative impact on what all fast foods have done to those who consume them. Along with maximizing knowledge on internal and external factors this will have a large impact on the four major function of management within a corporation. The McDonalds Corporations has goals that are reflected in its mission statement to become for some customers a favorite place to eat. There are several internal and external factor’s McDonald’s faces in the decision they made to go Global. External f actors  for the decision to go Global include the following. 1.)The growing heath trends of consumers 2.)The ability to expand into new markets such as India and China 3.)The diversification and purchase of other fast food restaurants 4.)The global growth of the fast food industry 5.)Worldwide deregulation (Salem, Abdullah, 2009) These external factors impacted the four functions of management for McDonald’s managers, by forcing management to adjust the planning function and information to include a mission that was based on a global demand and competition. The organizing function of management with in McDonalds was also affected by the decision to go global. Management now has to organize information, people, and financial resources crossed countries and cultures to achieve one common goal. The function a leading for a management changed also. Now, styles and type of leading and motiving had to be localized and customized around the culture rather than one specialized way of doing things. Controlling or measuring achievements in with in the global industry also changed as franchisees are now faced with measuring success based on others in different markets. Internal factors also played a part in McDonald’s decision to go global and those factors have also affected the four functions of manageme nt for their managers. Some internal factors include: 1.)The desire for a strong brand name, image, and reputation 2.)A large market share 3.)The desire for a global presence 4.)A stronger financial performance and position 5.)Introduction of new products 6.)Customer focus (Salem, Abdullah, 2009) These internal factors also had an effect on the planning, organizing, leading, and controlling functions of management within McDonald’s. Competing in a Global market makes managers think, act, gather and process information on a larger scale to achieve a goal. Diversity The evolution of McDonald’s Corporation toward diversity as a business objective began in the late 1970’s, when the corporation officially  established an Affirmative Action Department, which today is known as the Diversity Initiative Department (Anonymous, 2005). Numerous factors can affect the four major functions of management; this section will focus on how diversity can affect planning, organizing, leading and controlling within the McDonalds Corporation. Diversity in the workplace is more than a person’s race or ethnic background it also includes personality, gender, education, position in the organization, etc. The major obstacle for McDonald’s management continues to be age, gender, ethnic background and education. Diversity management involves a three-stage process: (Tetteh, 2014) †¢Identification Stage †¢Implementation Stage †¢Maintenance Stage McDonald’s management must identify where the diversity mixture is and decided on the appropriate action to ensure workplace harmony and productivity. This will be accomplished through proper training and communication with all employees. Learning to effectively communicate with the various groups within each location will be very important to the success of the team within each restaurant. Implementing effective processes that ensure each diverse group is accommodated is crucial to the process. McDonalds as a corporation does a great job helping and engaging their management and employee’s to ensure proper implementation by offering education and career development seminars, various gender based seminars, second language courses etc. Maintain and improving these processes will ensure that McDonald’s stays current and relevant to the groups each manager has identified within their department. McDonald’s continually re-evaluates its initiatives to ensure they are in line with their business and current employee base. McDonalds ensures diversity is properly managed within their organization by including diversity in the business planning process. This allows the company and its managers to treat diversity as an initiative rather than a program; it’s naturally incorporated into the business plan (Anonymous, 2005). Ethics When it comes the Functions of Management, you must condsider which parts may be corrupted by ethical issues. Two areas that maybe prone to be affected  are the Leading and Organizing Funtions. In building a dynamic organization you must find a diverse group of people, with different ethical baskgrouds, to fill the different postions in it. You would also want to get them up to speed with you organizations ethical views. If you take a company like McDonald’s you can find out what they do to ensure this. Now McDonalds is committed to conducting business ethically and in compliance with the letter and spirit of the law. This commitment is reflected in McDonalds Values. Inherent in each value is our commitment to be ethical, truthful and dependable and this is reflected through their Standards of Business Conduct, which serves as a guide to making good decisions and conducting business ethically. Each year McDonalds employees are required to re-certify that they have read and will abide by the standards that McDonalds has set through the Standards of Business Conduct. Employees complete regular training on the Standards, anti-bribery laws, and various other laws, regulations and company-specific policies. McDonalds and its employees in all countries must comply with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (McDonalds: Standards Of Business Conduct For Employees, n.d.). References Salem, F., Abdullah, M., (2009) McDonalds case study. http://www.scribd.com/doc/16050821/McDonalds-Case-Study McDonalds: Standards of Business Conduct for Employees. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/investors/corporate_governance/codes_of_conduct/standards_of_business_conduct.html Bateman, T. S., Snell, S. A. (2011). Management: Leading collaborating in a competitive world (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Anonymous, . (2005, November). Diversity at McDonalds: A way of life. Nations Restaurant News, 1(), 92, 94-95 Tetteh, Vanessa A. (2014, January 1). Diversity in the Workplace. Research Starters, p. 1.

Vulnerable Population Essay Example for Free

Vulnerable Population Essay The vulnerable populations are people who are or may be in need of community care services because of their age, disability or illness and who are or may be unable to take good care of themselves or are unable to protect themselves from the significant exploitation or harm. Those who can be classified as vulnerable includes people undergoing the chemotherapy or living with HIV/AIDS, the children and infants, the frail elderly, the transplant patients, pregnant women and their fetuses. The vulnerable population people undergo several types of abuses which includes the physical abuse through hitting, pushing, shaking over medication or otherwise causing the physical harm, sexual abuse, which is unwanted touching, kissing or sexual activity or a situation where the vulnerable person cannot or does not give their consent, psychological abuse, which includes verbal abuse, humiliation, bullying or using threats, financial abuse which includes the illegal or the improper use of the persons money, property taking advantage of his/her present nature, neglect which is the repeated deprivation of the help or the care that a vulnerable person needs, and if withdrawn will cause him/her to suffer, institutional abuse which is the abuse , neglect and withdrawal of the rights or continually poor care in a care home setting and discriminatory abuse which includes the racist or sexist abuse and abuse based on the person’s disability and the other forms of harassment, slurs o r similar treatment. There are many barriers that are resulting to the decreasing disparity in a vulnerable population. The general population tends to assume the vulnerable population to a point of not being interested to know about their needs and what they are undergoing through. There is widespread ignorance among the people that they forget that the vulnerable population needs care and attention like any other normal person could. There is always little funding from the budget allocations by the government to cater for needs of the vulnerable population. The little funds which are set aside for them and on many occasions it has been misappropriated thus not benefiting the vulnerable. There has hasn’t been good policies that are to set the proper guidelines that are meant to put in place to protect the health needs of the vulnerable population. Most governments have not been keen to implement the good policies that are to benefit the vulnerable groups. The health facilities and services that are supposed to cater for the needs of the vulnerable population are poorly managed and at times the services which are supposed to be provided are not there or they are offered poorly may be because of the poor equipments or low moral of the workers. At work place there a presence of barriers in understanding the vulnerability. There are fellow workmates who are disabled and need care and attention of other workmates at some time. Some workmates do not care about them. Infact some complain that they are a burden because they interrupt their work and often abuse and a talk negatively about them when they are not in the office. People have not been sensitized fully to understand what vulnerability means and what it takes to be among the group and what the other people who are not like them are supposed to do to safeguard their well being. These people w should be well taken care of because they are part and parcel of the other active population. People at the workplace do not see vulnerability as a real problem because it does not affect them and may be none in their family are not part of the group. These are people who are unable to defend themselves or take care of themselves and so other people see them as a burden and therefore could try whatever means to avoid them.

Competitive Corporate Strategy Strategy In Context Commerce Essay

Competitive Corporate Strategy Strategy In Context Commerce Essay The very definition of strategy is elusive as there are many different opinions on what strategy actually involves. Often a generalised description is given such as top managements plans to attain outcomes consistent with the organisations missions and goals (Wright et al., 1993, p3). However, De Wit and Meyer (2010) state There is no simple answer to the question of what strategy is. They continue to describe strategy in terms of three main dimensions: process, content and context. These are referred to as the input, throughput and output of strategy, or the How, the What and the Where. Each of these dimensions should be regarded as parts of the whole and while one can focus ones attention on any single dimensions it should never the less be in regard to the interaction with the other two (De Wit Meyer, 2010). Accordingly it is with this proviso that this report looks at the strategy process. The complexity and contradictions of strategy with regard to the above mentioned dimensions offer many different strategy perspectives, often contradicting one another. This gives rise to particular tensions and result in strategic paradoxes that are best analysed using a dialectical approach (De Wit Meyer, 2010). By analysing two opposing points of view the strategist can identify the tension as a paradox and reconcile the opposites as best as possible, hopefully arriving at a best of both worlds conclusion. Figure . Tension as a paradox (Aidan ODriscoll, 1986) 3.0 The Strategy Process 3.0.1 Aspects of the Strategy Process De Wit and Meyer (2010) identify strategy process in terms of how, who and when. How is the strategy to be made, who is involved and when do such strategic activities take place? Many argue that the strategic process is not linear, such as in analysis, formulation and implementation, it is more intuitive and creative. It is considered that there are three areas of the strategic process: strategic thinking, strategy formation and strategic change but that these are not phases, stages or elements of the strategic process but rather different aspects of the strategy process, which are linked and overlap ( De Wit Meyer, 2010) Figure . Aspects of the Strategy Process ( De Wit Meyer, 2010) Foe each of the strategy topics certain paradoxes can be identified and associated with two complementary perspectives. Figure . Strategy topics, paradoxes and perspectives ( De Wit Meyer, 2010) For each of the strategy topics case studies (or short case studies) have been used to illustrate the strategic dichotomies that exist and show how the individual companies implemented the opposing types of strategic perspectives. 3.0.2 Strategic Thinking De Wit and Meyer (2010, p 53) suggest that managers must go through a strategic reasoning process in order to find ways to resolve the challenges of strategic problems. This strategic reasoning is a string of strategic thinking activities directed at defining and resolving strategic problems. The cognitive activities involved in strategic thinking are categorised as defining a strategic problem and solving a strategic problem. As can be seen in Figure 4 below defining constitutes identification and diagnosis while solving consists of conception and realisation. However, the thought processes adopted by managers do not always follow such a formulated and logical ideal. It is often a case of a mixture of structured analytical process combined with intuitive reflection. Figure . Elements of a strategic reasoning process ( De Wit Meyer, 2010) It is this mixture of opposites, analysis and intuition, in varying degrees that create a tension and produces a paradox of logic and creativity. Logical thinking involves analysing empirical facts, formulating strategic options and subjecting them to formal evaluation (De Wit Meyer, 2010). This allows the manager to understand what is actually happening rather than what is perceived to be happening, based on habits, routines, and personal beliefs. Generative reasoning and creative thinking describe the use of intuition to bypass the restrictions of logical thinking to make leaps of imagination and create new ways of looking at old problems (De Wit Meyer, 2010). This is not without substance; such reasoning is based on knowledge gained through education, experience and interaction with others. This knowledge resides in the form of cognitive maps (Tolman, E., cited by Downs and Stea, 2005) which combined with observed behaviour can then lead to the prediction of behaviour (Eden, 1992). The paradox of generative reasoning and creative thinking is further discussed in Appendix 1 where two short case studies are used to compare the different approaches applied by Berkshire Hathaway (rational reasoning perspective) and Google (generative reasoning perspective). 3.0.3 Strategy Formation Strategy formation is concerned with realising both strategic formulation and strategic action. It encompasses intended strategy (a pattern of decisions) and realised strategy (a pattern of actions) (De Wit and Meyer, 2010). This concedes that strategy is a pattern as in a consistency of behaviour over time (Mintzberg et al, 2009, p 10). While still using the four elements of a strategic reasoning process discussed earlier (See Fig 4) there are additional activities that can be further developed into eight basic building blocks of strategic formation process (Fig. 5). Figure . The main strategy formation activities (De Wit and Myer, 2010) Who carries out strategic formation in an organisation varies from CEOs to those on the shop floor. De Wit and Meyer (2010) identify three variations in who carries out these activities: Top vs. middle vs. bottom roles Line vs. staff roles Internal vs. external roles De Wit and Meyer (2010) also give a warning regarding a formalised strategic planning system. While this can give a framework for the setting of tasks and responsibilities etc it can also become over bureaucratic and not only stifle innovation and creativity but become a means of demotivation. Mintzberg et al. (2009) identifies a formalisation edge where a structured, formalised system has a break-point, after which instead of supporting strategic activities it begins to become intrusive. Figure . The formalisation edge (Mintzberg et al, 2009) Mintzberg (1987) argues that definitions of strategy as a plan and strategy as a pattern (of behaviour) can be independent of each other. He describes a planned strategy as intended strategy and a pattern of strategy as realised strategy. This allows us to distinguish between deliberate strategy, where previous intentions were realised and emergent strategies, where patterns developed without prior intention (or unrealised intentions). Figure . Deliberate and emergent strategies (Mintzberg, 1987) The tension between deliberate strategy and emergent strategy are discussed in Appendix 2 in relation to the case studies of Strategic Planning at United Parcel Services. 3.0.3 Strategic Renewal Organisations change, whether to maintain competition with its rivals, change through innovation in technology or the changing environment of the business. Growth itself is dependent upon change and management of such changes is paramount. Clarke (1994) states Change is an accelerating constant (cited by Senior et al, 2006). De Wit and Mayer (2010) suggest that change can be strategic or operational stating that While operational changes are necessary to maintain the business and organisational systems, strategic changes are directed at renewing them. Organisational structure, organisational processes and organisational culture are the pillars on which the business system stands (De Wit and Meyer, 2010). The hierarchy of a company, its policies and procedures and its shared beliefs determine the companys capabilities, what type of renewal it is capable of and how such renewal can be managed and implemented. Much of these organisational components are hidden within the company as informal elements and requires careful consideration to identify accurately the true situation within a company (see Fig. 8). Figure . The Iceberg Model (Senior and Swailes, 2010) There is a distinction in particular between disruptive change and gradual change. Revolutionary and evolutionary are used here to describe the paradox between these two types of changes (Greiner, 1972). De Wit and Meyer (2010) state that it is widely accepted that a balance is required between Strategic (revolutionary) change and operational (evolutionary) change. Figure . Types of change (Prime Ministers Strategy Unit, 2010) Appendix 3 discusses the application of change in the case study on Ferrari Transforming the Prancing Horse. 4.0 Conclusion The tensions that are apparent throughout the strategy process and their resultant paradoxes suggest strategic activities are either of one side of the paradox or the other. In some case this may be accurate; the acquisition of a company by another may well, though not always, constitute a revolutionary, big bang, change where fundamental changes are made across each company in a relatively short space of time. However, in order to facilitate the actual implementation of the change and to provide some consistency during and after such a change will require the adaption of existing systems, processes and procedures within each company. This suggests that even in such a situation there is a combination of strategic approaches both revolutionary and evolutionary, indicating that a pluralistic approach is required to develop, implement, manage and sustain change. It can also be seen that even with such paradoxes as logic vs. creativity there is a balance between the two in how they are applied. In the short case study for Google, for example, it is clear that this is a highly creative organisation with a deliberate strategy of promoting free thinking, but within boundaries. These boundaries allow for intuition and creativity but only within a cooperate structure that is very much aligned to the business model and its goal to sustain and increase the companys profitability. It would also seem that few strategies are purely deliberate or purely emergent; there is generally a mixture of the two to some degree. Strategies have to form as well as be formulated (Mintzberg et al., 2009). So, in essence, it is the decision of the strategist to reconcile these opposites, decide what sort of balance is to be made and provide the best of both worlds solutions. References De Wit Meyer. (2010). Strategy: Process, Content, Context (Vol. 4th). Andover, Hampshire, UK: Cengage. Aidan ODriscoll. (1986). Exploring paradox in marketing: managing ambiguity towards synthesis. Retrieved March 20th, 2011, from Journal of Business Industrial Marketing: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1657811show=html Buttel, M. (2010, March 3rd). 10 years on:When the bubble burst. Retrieved March 20th, 2011, from Financial Service Technology: http://www.fsteurope.com/news/when-the-bubble-burst/ Downs, R. and Stea. D. (2005). Image Environment: Cognitive Mapping and Spatial Behaviour. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. Eden, C. (1992, May). Journal of Management Studies. Retrieved March 20th, 2011, from Wiley online Library: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1992.tb00664.x/ Greiner, L. (1972). Evolution and Revolution as Organisations Grow. Harvard Business Review. Mintzberg, H. (1987). The Strategy Concept I: Five Ps For Strategy. California Business Review , 13. Mintzberg. H, and Alhstrand. B, and Lampel. J. (2009). Strategy Safari. Harlow: Pearson Education. Prime Ministers Strategy Unit. (2010). Change Management in Practice. Retrieved March 20th, 2010, from Strategy Survival Guide: http://interactive.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/strategy/survivalguide/skills/pd_change.htm Wilson, I. (2010). From scenario thinking to stratgic action. In D. w. Meyer, Corporate strategy: process, content, context (p. 153 to 157). Andover: Thomas Renvoize. Wright, P., Pringle, C., and Kroll, M. (1992). Strategic Management: Text and Cases. Needham Heights, Massachusetts, USA: Allyn and Bacon. Appendix 1 The paradox of generative reasoning and creative thinking 1) The Rational Reasoning Perspective Two short cases studies have been used from the course book De Wit Meyer (2010). Strategy: Process, Content, Context (Vol. 4th). The first is Exhibit 2.2 (p66), The Rational Reasoning Perspective Berkshire Hathaway:Not Outside the Box (2009). The study introduces Warren Buffett (The sage of Omaha), a highly sucessful investor and owner of the insurance and investment conglomarate Berkshire Hathaway. Although at his peak as an investor in the 1980s and 1990s it was regarded that he had failed to grasp the investment potential of the new paradigm for the Information Age based on the Internet . Instead he continued to invest in established old firms, such as Coca Cola and Gillette and completely avoided the opportunity to invest in Internet stocks, which he regarded as chain letters. As the dotcom boom subsided it was clear that the volume of those trying to exploit the opportunity had far outweighed the actual performance of the companies involved. It is not accurate to say the dotcom boom was a failure, those that had good business models succeeded spectacularly (such as Google, Amazon, Wikipedia sites eBay) but it is clear that the over investment was not justified and that many companies were just not generating enough profits to continue. There were added complications such as the US Federal Reserve had increased its interest rate six times over 1999 and the beginning of 2000, the federal court decision that Microsoft was a monopoly as well as the bellwether (or barometer stock the stock of a company that is regarded as a leader in its given industry) sale of high tech stock shares of March 10th 2000. These include selling of shares of Cisco, IBM, and Dell etc. and while coincidental to the actual dotcom boom itself would have undermined further the confidence in an already falling market (Buttel, 2010) Buffetts insistence on sticking to a formula he understood and was well proven enabled him to escape the ravages of the dotcom bubble burst and instead of being derided as being outdated was again lauded as a canny investor. This was not the first time Buffet had gone against the trend, in 1969 he avoided the stock market frenzy which other investors had thrown themselves into, declaring I am out of step with present conditionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦On one point however I am clear. I will not abandon previous approaches whose logic I understand. Again, in 2008, Buffett went completely against the trend and, in the worst recession since the Great Depression (1929 to 1940) and despite already loosing up to 25 billion USD of market value within one year invested 5 billion USD in Goldman Sachs, quoting Today my money and my mouth both say equities. Buffett states his reason for his success as including: Analyse the company to separate investment from speculation Meticulously diagnose the sustainability of the competitive advantage of the company Stay away from ill-understood businesses in fast-changing environments Understanding that risk comes from not knowing what you are doing He is also wary of those witch doctors proposing to be scientific and rational while selling investment advice. Buffetts criterion for investment is a highly structured analytical method which appears almost devoid of any type of intuitive or innovative behaviour. It is based upon consistent, well tried decision making that refuses to stray away from what has been a successful formula. He is, without doubt, following a strategic reasoning process in a highly formulated and logical manner. It is obviously a successful formula for Berkshire Hathaway but there must be some doubt about whether such a rigid style is suitable for other companies without the existence of such a charismatic character as warren Buffett at its helm. And this raises its own questions: is the strategic thinking deployed by Buffett as rigid as it would first appear? Is there actually an element of intuitiveness inherent behind the strategy? Would someone else, using the same formula for investment, come up with the same results, or is the presence of Buffett in the mix the catalyst that makes for a successful formula? 2) The Generative Reasoning Perspective This uses the short case study Exhibit 2.3 (p69), The Generative Reasoning Perspective Google: Experiment in Anarchy. Google, as mention previously, is one of the companies that managed to sucessfully navigate out of the dotcom era. Since 1998 it has continued to grow to over 22,000 employees and over 22 billion USD (figures for 2008). Googles missionto organise the worlds information and make it universally acceptable and usefull. No idle boast, Google has introduced a phenominal range of products which has allowed it to achieve its stated mission, so much so that in 2006 the Oxfor English Dictionary include the verb: Google : intr. To use the Google search engine to find information on the Internet. trans. To search for information about (a person or thing) using the Google search engine. (OED, 2010). Googles innovative company structure includes Google labs, small teams working on ideas and experimenting with possible solutions. Sharing all its development across its teams and allowing other teams to make suggestions and give feedback feed the innovative and intuition that is the hallmark of Googles success.There 70/20/10 model allows for 70% of a persons time to be spent on mainstream business activities, 20% on new, approved projects and, perhaps the most innovative of all, the remaining 10% on developing personal projects as dreams as long as it is in line with the spirit of the core company value to do no evil. The strategy of creativity with generative reasoning is clear and has had a fundamental effect on the success of Google and its impressive employment record. The bottom-up approach certainly allows for innovation and resulting ideas to be turned into working applications within relatively short timeframes. Googles CEO, Eric Schmidt states we dont have a traditional strategy planning process, like youd find in traditional technical companies and while this may be true this does not mean that there is no planning or indeed a lack of a structured strategic process. Perhaps the final paragraph of this case study is most telling. Jim Lewinski, Googles managing director, states Creativity loves constraintà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.let people explore, but set clear boundaries for that exploration. Rationality is not absent in Googles strategy, it is just tempered with the culture of innovation. Unlike Buffetts rigid and controlling influence of Berkshire Hathaway, Google has a far more flexible strategic approach that, given the continuation of its established company culture, will continue to thrive no matter who is at the helm. Appendix 2 The paradox of generative reasoning and creative thinking Strategic Planning at United Parcel Services A case study has been used for this analysis from the course book De Wit Meyer (2010). Strategy: Process, Content, Context (Vol. 4th). Strategic Planning at United Parcel Services By David A. Garvin and Lynne C. Levesque (pp 702 to 718). United Parcel Services (UPS) has grown from its beginnings in 1907 to a 37 billion USD global corporation with a workforce of over 384,000, over 3,500 retail locations in the US alone and servicing more than 200 countries. In addition it has its own airline (UPS Airlines) which is ranked the 10 largest in the world (figures as of 2005). The companys founder, Jim Casey, developed a reputation for running the company like a military operation. With an emphasis on efficiency and discipline UPS developed a culture of continuous improvement, which Casey called constructive dissatisfaction. UPSs workforce was known for its longevity; all the companys CEOs were time-served and had risen through the company from the lowest ranks. Until the early 1990s it is started that UPS had no actual formal strategic planning process, although in the mid-1970s a decision had been made to expand the company globally and over the following ten years resulted in the forming of a Strategic Technology Group charged with developing technological solutions. In the early 1990s it was recognised that the companys execution mentality was hindering managements ability to see significant changes in the environment. This led to the setting up of a Strategic Advisory Group in 1996 to consider and debate strategic issues. In addition another group, CSG, was setup to develop strategic processes for planning for the future. From these activities the company began developing its own strategic process using scenario planning, strategic planning and support for strategic decision-making and strategy implementation. Although using multiple tools and methodologies the approach was made to work, this was helped by the continued support of the CEO who was himself regarded as the chief strategist. A major aspect of UPSs strategy from 1997 was to adoption of scenario planning. This is a management tool designed to explore what could happen given certain situations. Creating different scenarios allows managing to have a better understanding of possible events and help in the decision making process. The aim of scenarios is to develop a resilient strategy within the frameworks of alternative futures provided by the scenarios (Wilson, 2010). The use of scenario planning had been popularised after an article by Peter Wack in 1985, describing a scenario building exercise at Royal Dutch Shell (Mintzberg et at., 1990) The use of these scenarios had a fundamental impact on the company. They defined the companys new corporate charter, a change in the companys mission statement, identification of key themes and insights, the creation of a platform for management and discussions and, according to the authors of this case study, a mind-set shift for at least some managers. In 2002 the company developed their Centennial Plan, a long term strategic plan to take the company not just into their 100th year but also into the new millennium. The plan developed four key strategic imperatives: Winning team Value-added solutions Customer focus Enterprise excellence To support this Strategic Road Map was formulated which formed teams to work on specific strategic areas. Each team broke down its imperative to 24 discrete projects (critical initiatives), themselves supported by more than one hundred specific projects. Because of the complexity of the plan John McDevitt was brought in (from being Vice President of Air Operations) to be in charge of strategic integration. In 2002 the company developed their use of scenarios further to extend its focus into the new millennium. While understanding the limitations of scenario planning it allowed for creative thinking within a planning environment. This would seem to be a situation where formal planning, a deliberate strategy, works with the help of an instrumentalist, emergent approach. While scenario planning, in name and nature is very much part of the planning school of thought the creativity of thought applied and the adaption of scenarios to develop further scenarios is very much an incrementalist approach. UPS, while using a planned approach to strategy, are also encourage the use of innovation within their strategic thinking.

Mystery and Suspense in Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays

Mystery and Suspense in Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It seems like everywhere there is something in life that seems to be left behind.   In the books I read about mystery or suspense, this always seems to be the case in such.   The Heart of Darkness draws me into such depths of suspense and unknown that seem to associate with my life.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This whole book is full of mysteries.   Marlow has a heart that is full of mystery when he is stuck in Africa, and looking for a man named Kurtz.   Marlow is waiting, he learns about where the place is at, what could be coming ahead. Maybe he was just acquiring some ideas of what was ahead, or who he would be working with.   Why is all this senselessness happening around him?         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marlow is enthralled with mystery.   You wouldn't think that somebody would be simply crazy to go and take a trip down the Congo river.   He has heard some aspects about the place, and the way it seems to suck the visitors in.   All the people getting diseases.   One would go insane there, so why?   Why would he want to go do this?   Again, it's full of mystery, and that makes an interesting book.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kurtz, with this person, I can not express how much mystery applies to him and his personality.   People haven't heard from him for quite a long time, because he is up the river from the station where Marlow is at.   People are wanting the boss, and they're getting restless.   Is Kurtz, sick?   Could one of these people get a new promotion in their job?   The people don't want Marlow to go explore up the river a ways and kind Kurtz, suppling him with help that he might need.   And yet, Marlow needs Kurtz.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yet, there is the mystery of the Congo river.   It has a way with the people that come into it and try to explore it's orgins.   It seems to drag you in, and not let you go.   All of this, because they were curious and brave.   But not all brave men will make it through this jungle that the Congo river lays on.

Tragic Heroines: Medea and Clytemnestra Essay -- Aristotle, Greek trage

Aristotle (384-322 B.C. believed that tragedy, as an imitation or mimesis of life as it could be, held more importance than history, which simply records the past. He considered that performance of a tragedy provided the perfect cathartic experience for an audience, leaving them spiritually purified and inspired. He felt spectators seeing and experiencing great hardship befall the play’s hero or heroine would achieve this emotional state and benefit from it. The tragic hero, according to Aristotle, must be essentially good and be of high or noble birth. The misfortune that precedes their downfall must evoke compassion and pity. The tragic hero must experience a peripeteia. Two of the most famous Greek tragic heroes (heroines) were Medea and Clytemnestra. They share characteristics Aristotle deemed essential for the heroic character in a tragedy. They are both of high rank. Medea is a princess and a sorceress, and Clytemnestra was the de facto ruler of Argos in Agamemnon’s absence. Their tales initially evoked sympathy, but hamartia and hubris were instrumental in each woman's downfall. Both suffer significant peripety as victims of their overly passionate natures. Clytemnestra is obsessed by the desire for vengeance over the death of her daughter at the hands of her husband, Agamemnon. While Clytemnestra's passion is for vengeance, Medea's is her unreasonable love for Jason, which turns into seething hatred. Clytemnestra’s peripeteia begins the moment Agamemnon sacrifices their daughter, Iphigenia. Heartbroken and grieving, Clytemnestra schemes, plotting vengeance for her daughter’s death. She obsessively plans her husband’s murder for so many years that it becomes a fait accompli. Clytemnestra greets his return with fa... ...s got to be done, -- do it without flinching. Whatever I do, my life will be unhappy. I’ll armor my heart with callousness, and take the sword in my hand...try to forget that they are my children and that I love them. I only need forget for a short time. And then I can remember all my life.† (Medea, pg. 343, 344). Revenge is at the core of the Greek tragedies Agamemnon, the first play in the trilogy Oresteia (Aeschylus (525 - 455 BC), and Medea (Euripides (431 – 480 B.C.). The protagonists in each play are women who carry out horrifying acts of revenge on their husbands. Both characters – Clytemnestra and Medea – are at once heroines, villainesses and victims. Works Cited Corrigan, Robert W. Classical Tragedy, Greek and Roman: 8 Plays in Authoritative Modern Translations Accompanied by Critical Essays. New York, NY: Applause Theatre Book, 1990. Print.

James Watt Essay -- History

James Watt James Watt was born 19th January 1736 at Greenock and at this time no one would have even imagined his effect on the Industrial Revolution that was to occur within that century. When James was fifteen he had read books about and become accustomed to Philosophy (similar to modern physics). He had also completed many of his own chemical experiments and even started produce and construct his own products such as a small electronic device that startled his companions. He soon became interested in astronomy and often spent long hours at night, lying in a grove near his home studying the night sky. He also enjoyed angling as his hobby and completed odd jobs to become known as a jack-of-all-trades. He sold and mended spectacles, fixed fiddles and constructed fishing rods and tackle. Watt met his first loss in 1753 when his mother unsuspectedly died. It was at this point that Watt decided to pursue his career and try and qualify himself to become a mathematical instrument maker. After James spoke to Professor Muirhead at the Glasgow University, he was introduced to several scientists who at the time encouraged him later to travel to London to further himself in instrument making. In 1755 he set out on horseback and arrived in London after either twelve days or two weeks. He tried to get a job in the instrumentation field although the shopkeepers could not give him a job as he did not do an apprenticeship and was too old. Finally though he found John Morgan of a company called Cornhill who agreed to bend the rules and offer an apprenticeship for a year. James Watt knuckled down and wanted to learn everything he wanted in one year that would have normally taken three or four years. After six weeks Watt learned that much he outstripped another apprentice who had been at Cornhill for two years! After the apprenticeship Watt found it hard to set up shop in London and due to his father's ill health decided to spend some time at Greenock. He then moved to Glasgow where there was a job vacant in cleaning and repairing newly imported scientific instruments. The University of Glasgow then arranged for James Watt to set up shop inside one of their university buildings where he met his future long-life friends Dr. Joseph Black and Professor John Robison both planning to be chemists. His shop at the university did not sell many of his inventions mainly ... ... had already died many years before him and so he lived partly lonesome life. On August 19, 1819, James Watt who was aged 83 died at his own home in Healthfield. Mrs. Watt lived much longer dying in 1832. James Watt was able to live through his life knowing that even though he only improved an existing invention, he powered much of the industrial revolution in doing so. His innovations also saved many of the mines in those times that were full of water unable to be pumped out by older model steam engines. James also knew that the protectionist nature of his patent also meant that future improvement could not easily be made, protecting his version of the steam engine as long as possible. References Internet Sites: * www.history.rochester.edu/steam/carnegie/ * www.history.rochester.edu/steam/thurston/1878/pp80.gif * www.history.rochester.edu/steam/marshall/chapter3.html * www.sydney-australia.net/tourism/sydney/attracts/power/powp18.html * www.cre.canon.co.uk/~davide/kbsm/boulton-watt.html * www.adventure.com/encyclopedia/general/rfiwatts.html * www.adventure.com/encyclopedia/general/ctssteam.html * www.colbybos.demon.co.uk/corn/hist8.html

Industrial Conditions: Urban Life Essay

How successful were progressive reforms during the period 1890-1915 with respect to TWO of the following? Industrial conditions; urban life; politics.The late 19th century and early 20th century were marked by a period of reforms known as Progressivism. During this time, leaders of Progressive reforms aimed to improve American lives by instigating changes that would influence politics and urban lifestyles. Progressivism generally helped improve the everyday life and reduced corruption within the nations legislations. During the Progressive Era, President Theodore Roosevelt adapted in 1904 what was known as the Square Deal program. This was the main program that outlined business relationships between the corporate leaders and the industrial workers and that fairness and equality would preside over the connection. However, in order to prevent a communistic society and maintain competition in the economy, Roosevelt did not eliminate all trusts. He declared that there were some good trusts, along with the bad ones. The good trusts were those that were free from corruption and would generally maintain a fair and just relationship between employer and employee. The program included the Sherman Antitrust Act, which demanded that the trusts be judged by the acts they have committed. This act successfully signaled the end of corrupt trusts, along with the passing of the Elkins Act. The Elkins Act prevented the rich and the well known to benefit and receive rebates on the railways. The Elkins Act forced the railroads to create an equal rate for people of all walks of life and it could not be subject to change. In the coal strike of 1902, hundreds of thousands of Americans refused to work in the mines without improvements to working conditions. With the support of Progressive reforms, Roosevelt successfully improved the working environment by instituting a nine-hour workday and a 10% increase in wages. The Square Deal program also marked the end of laissez-faire, which meant an increase in federal power and consequently, an improvement to urban life. In addition to improving daily life, progressives also wanted to reduce corruption in the federal government and increase democratic ideas. Progressives were unsatisfied by the way the United State government was ran  at the time, since it did not represent the direct voice of the citizens. They wanted several reforms and changes to be made, such as recall, in which the people could remove officials from office with a public vote. This would successfully reduce corrupt power within state legislations. Taking it to a national level, progressive leaders also demanded direct primary elections and direct elections of Senators. In the past, many of the political bosses decided whom the candidates would be for each party by letting the people vote for the party nominations, the actual candidates would be a much better representation for the people. Many progressives depicted the Senate as being run by political bosses, each representing the views and notions of different major corporations. The 17th Amendment was eventually passed, which allowed citizens to direction vote for their Senators, rather than the state officials. This also increased the voice of the people rather than the voice of the corporate leaders. In addition to direct elections, Progressivism also pushed towards womens suffrage. This ensured that political officials elected into the office do represent the voice of the entire nation, not just that of men. The 19th Amendment was passed in 1920 and granted universal suffrage. Progressivism successfully ended the reign of trusts and monopolies. Power was stripped from the corrupt urban machines and placed in the hands of everyday citizens. Lives improved as working conditions improved; corruption disappeared as the federal government began taking charge; the period of Progressive reformed marked an era of true progress.

Unit 4

Unit 4 Roza Niemiec Unit 4 Introduction of Duty of Care in Health , Social Care or Children`s and Young People`s Settings . 1. 1Define the term â€Å"duty of care â€Å" It means that as Health and Social worker we have to do everything to avoid danger and harm for our clients or service users , it is our legal duty to avoid any danger for them . Following polices and procedurs and write risk assessment to individual, taking actions to keep the individuals safe and report it any danger . Keep up to date with all training and updates . 1. Describe how the duty of care affects own work role The time when iam starting work iam responsible for take care of residents. I have to make sure if they are safe . I have to follow Health and Safety procedures but also I have to use my own mind and see if everything is ok . I have to be very observant and be open to critic because maybe iam not always right I have to know what someone is thinking as well . Sometimes is very hard when I asked to do so m any tasks in the same time but my duty is to make sure of safety .In my work place we got daily visitors. I try to make sure if they are ok because who ever is inside work place iam responsible for them . I cant share information with anyone, just with manager or senior . Regular training is really helping because maybe i can go into routine and forget thinks . 2. 1 Describe dilemmas that may arise between the duty of care and an individuals. I think there is many dilemmas because people want to make them choices as well , by stopping them to do something for them safety we are not helping them to be independent.Also rights to freedom , by thinking that person will get harm by doing something we just making that person unhappy and we blocking them to do what they like . For example elderly they still like to dance or cook or have any other hobby’s. Also I want to talk about confidentiality, sometimes we don’t know if we can share some information , maybe this will harm interest of individual . 2. 2 Explain where to get additional support and advice about how to resolve such dilemmas I think first person which I could got for advice would be Senior Care Assistant and Manager or tutor .But if I not get anything from them I would contact professional bodies like The Association of Health Care Professionals , Care Quality Commission , Unison , Skills for Care , Skills for Health and there are many more . We can find them numbers on internet . 3. 1 Describe how to respond to complains In letter I would acknowledge the complaint about what was happen , that I will take them concern seriously and that there will be actions make in investigation and apologise .The best would be give them time frame and plan of action. I would try to resolve the problem directly with person sending that complain . The best option would be to talk with that person or talk by phone . Explain to that person about them rights and to who sand complain if is problem not resolve d . I would try to understand that person pion of view and try to make this person understand my point of view . Also reassure that person that everything said is confidential .Responding to complain in good way can restore a trust and can prevent from future misunderstanding s. 3. 2 Identify the main points of agreed procedures for handling complains . Keeping all records of complain , investigation in what happen , give respond in agreed time with apologies or explanation , respond in right manner to complainer , tell him or his rights what happen if complain is not resolved , tell about role of local authorises , learned from mistakes and improve place of work Unit 4 D2-explain how establishing a safe environment can support the procedures necessary for accidents, illnesses and emergencies. When supervising indoor and outdoor activities it is important that equipment is of the highest safety standard. Space must be allowed for children to hop skip and run etc†¦ And no room should be over crowed whether it is with toys or people. This means as a practitioner you should think about the size of groups of children that are using one area as if there is to many there will be more accidents as their won’t be enough space.Also before allowing children to use equipment check all equipment to make sure it’s safe and remove any broken or faulty items. Safe environment is full of potential risks to a child’s health and safety and accidents to happen, however with care and planning activities it lessens the risk, allowing children to explore and develop their skills without unnecessary danger. Everybody who works with children is re sponsible for their safety. It’s important that the environment children are playing in is regularly checked before and during activities.If you have checked an area and equipment for safety before children start playing here and questioned whether the activity is suitable for the children. Risk assessments are a key in safety, you evaluate the risk of the activity and any possible hazards and then decide how high the risk is and if it is to high you either need to find ways to lessen the risk or not do the activity at all. B1- Consider possible ways to maintain the safety and privacy of children and to respect their wishes.There are many ways to maintain the safety and privacy of children, this involves policies and procedures such as safe guarding, making sure all staff are suitable to work with children and they are asked to have regular CRB checks and staff training so they can learn new skills, also there are procedures that have to be done such as a having a passcode wh en someone other than the child’s parent/carer is picking them up, security passes must be worn and all children must be signed in and out when they arrive and leave the setting.Confidentiality is also important any information about a child must be kept within the setting, and records must be sorted away safely, also as a practitioner you shouldn’t gossip about a child or their family whether you’re in the setting or outside the setting. The Childs privacy is also important this is done by having doors n the toilets, having separate changing area’s and having a quiet area for if a child’s unwell, also any accidents should be cleaned up quickly and not made a scene as the child might become upset by it. Also having a key worker allows children to be reassured and have one to one time with a member of staff their close to.

Differences in ethnic experiences of criminal justice system Essay

Ethnic minorities, afro-Caribbean’s and, to a lesser extent, Asians, are vastly over represented in official statistics for criminal offending, and convictions, but these statistics are not necessarily representative of what is real. An example of these statistics is that black people make up 2. 7% of the British population, and Asians 4. 7%, but black people make up 11% of the prison population, and Asians 6%. Experiences amongst different ethnic groups who interact with the criminal justice system are still very diverse. Whilst self-report studies show that whites are more likely to offend than blacks and Asians even less likely (Indians 30%, Pakistanis 28% and Bangladeshis 13% according to Graham and Bowling) this does not represent the experiences of said ethnic groups. The criminal justice system consists of a number of steps which include policing, stop and search, arrests/cautions, prosecutions, trials, convictions, sentencing and prison and at each stage it appears that blacks, and more recently Asians, are much more likely to face injustice, abuse or negativity within the criminal justice system. Phillips and Bowling note that since the 1970s many allegations of oppressive policing towards ethnic minorities have been put forward with â€Å"mass stop and search operations†¦ excessive surveillance, armed raids, police violence†. With policies such as the Stop and Search and the Terrorism Act (2000), police officers may stop at any time or place, any vehicle or person and search them for any or no reasons, but the patterns of how these policies put to use are disproportionate towards ethnic minorities; black people are 7 times likely to be stopped than whites, and Asians 3 times as likely. Police disproportionately using stop and search techniques against minority ethnic groups may be the result of police racism, which the Macpherson report of 1999 highlights. Institutional racism within the police force and its individual members may make officers more suspicious, weary and paranoid about ethnic minorities. This could also be the result of demography, ethnic minorities are over-represented in the social groupings most likely to be stopped and search, such as young, unemployed, working-class males. However this could simply reflect the differences in offending between ethnic groups. But more evidence for institutional racism towards certain ethnic groups appears when we investigate more, white people are given cautions for crimes much more often than blacks or Asians, arrest rates for blacks are 3. 6 times higher than for whites. This again indicates some kind of unfair or racist treatment; however it could be the result of blacks or Asians being more likely to deny an offence and look for legal advice out of mistrust for the police, leading to an eventual arrest, as we have already noted that these minorities are more likely to be unfairly policed by officers. The mistrust of the system may also result in ethnic minorities who go on trial opting for a jury. Although in contrast, 60% of white defendants found guilty as compared with only 52% of blacks and 44% of Asians, and the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) more likely to drop cases against ethnic minorities. This suggests that police are bringing weak cases against ethnic minorities to court, thus being abandoned. Although this suggests a more fair treatment in regards to prosecution and conviction, it indicates police racism in forcing ethnic minorities into court for frivolous crimes. Ethnic groups such as blacks and Asians possibly have a much harder and more negatively perceived experience of the criminal justice system because they are subject to a lot of discrimination, for instance in self-report studies when asked for the perpetrators ethnicity, many people would often guess † black † even if they aren’t sure, reinforcing the negative ethnic stereotype. Since the 9/11 attacks suspicions about Muslims have risen greatly, even though they cannot be justified on the large scale discrimination and prejudice they experience, this prejudice can often lead to over policing in ethnic minority areas, thus adding to the disparity in the criminal statistics, it may not be that these ethnic groups are committing more crime, it could just be that there are more police acting in a vigilant way around and towards these groups, so they are punished more harshly. It could be argued that if the same amount of vigilance and over-policing was applied to white communities equally, the statistics may equalize. Whilst it is clear that Blacks and Asians are overrepresented in criminal statistics, the extent of this remains to be seen, it is possible that the reality is that those ethnic groups, on average, do commit more crimes than others, it is also possible this is false.

China Design Essay

1. Why is product design important in the China market? Product design is indeed a key factor in satisfying customers, which is crucial for maintaining or improving companies’ respective market shares. Product design plays a very important role in manufacturing firms aiming to penetrate and attain good market shares in dynamic consumer markets like that of China, which is also stringent in the involvement of its culture, even in modern times. The very reason why product design is important in China’s consumer market is that Chinese consumers observe ever-changing trends which, of course, entail ever-changing needs and wants. In order for manufacturers to satisfy consumers of this dynamic market, they employ product designs that suit consumer needs and wants through form and functionality. Since China also considers cultural involvement essential for the upkeep of their unique traditions, manufacturers also need to consider injecting fragments of traditional Chinese elements into their designs to really succeed in the consumer market and earn the consumers’ plea for their products. In the viewpoint of Chinese manufacturers, product design is also a means of adding value to their organization by making their products stand out from competitors’ which undoubtedly substantiates the importance of product design. 2. How would you ensure that your products are designed to meet the needs of customers? In order to surely meet customer needs, manufacturers should find out themselves what their target consumers yearn for. Once they find out their target markets’ needs, manufacturers should employ unique and highly encouraged homegrown product designs that take into consideration the form that jives with current trends, functionality that entails outstanding product performance, and sometimes even injections of timeless elements, say that of the respective cultures of different consumer markets. By doing so, consumers would surely utilize their products that suit their needs and wants, are undoubtedly in the vogue, and are reflective of their cultural heritage and identity.

Ch23+24 Apush Notes

AP US History Review Sheet – Chapters 23 and 241. In the Presidential election of 1868, U. S. Grant’s victory was due to the votes of former black slaves. 2. In the late 19th century, those political candidates who campaigned by ‘waiving the bloody shirt’ were reminding voters of the treasonous Confederate Democrats during the Civil War. 3. A weapon that was used to put Boss Tweed, leader of New York City’s infamous Tweed Ring, in jail was the cartoons of the political satirist Thomas Nast. 4.The Credit Mobilier scandal involved railroad construction kickbacks involving the Union Pacific Railroad. 5. One cause of the Panic of 1873 was the construction of more factories than the market could bear. 6. As a solution to the panic of 1873, debtors suggested inflationary policies. 7. One result of Republican ‘hard money’ policies was to help elect a Democratic House of Representatives in 1874, and later the creation of the Greenback Labor party. 8. During the Gilded Age, the Democrats and the Republicans had few significant economic differences. 9. The presidential elections of the 1870s and 1880s aroused great interest among voters. 10. One reason for the heavy turnouts and partisan fervor was the Gilded Age was sharp ethnic and cultural differences in the membership of the two parties. 11. During the Gilded Age, the lifeblood of both the Democratic and the Republican parties was political patronage. 12. The major problem in the 1876 presidential election centered on the two sets of election returns submitted by Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana. 13. The Compromise of 1877 resulted the end Reconstruction, and the withdrawal of federal troops from the South. 14. The seque3nce of presidential terms of the ‘forgettable presidents’ of the Gilded Age (including Cleveland’s two non-consecutive terms) was Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, and Cleveland. 15. In the 1896 case of Plessy vs. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that ‘separate but equal’ facilities were constitutional. 16. At the end of Reconstruction, Southern whites disenfranchised African-Americans with poll taxes (made illegal in federal elections via the 24th Amendment in 1964, and in state elections subsequent to that via Supreme Court ruling), literacy tests (made illegal by the Voting Rights Act of 1965), grandfather clauses (made illegal by Supreme Court decision in 1915), and economic intimidation. 17. The legal codes that established the system of segregation were called Jim Crow laws. Jim Crow was the name of a character in a minstrel show. 18.The railroad strike of 1877 started when the four largest railroads cut salaries by ten percent. 19. Labor unrest in the 1870s and 1880s resulted in the use of federal troops during strikes. 20. In the wake of anti-Chinese violence in California, the U. S. Congress passed a law prohibiting immigration of Chinese laborers to American (the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. ) 21. One of the main reasons that the Chinese came to the U. S was to dig for gold. 22. Abraham Lincoln was the first president to be assassinated while in office; the second was James Garfield. The third was William McKinley, and the fourth and last was JFK.23. President James A. Garfield was assassinated by a deranged, disappointed office seeker.24. The Pendleton Act required appointees to public office to take a competitive examination, and outlawed the requirement that federal workers contribute to election campaigns.25. With the passage of the Pendleton Act, politicians now sought money from big corporations.26. The 1884 election contest between James G. Blaine and Grover Cleveland was noted for its personal attacks on the two candidates.27. U. S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, and Chester Arthur were all Republicans. Grover Cleveland was a Democrat. Cleveland and Wilson would be the only Democrats elected between 1860 and 1928.28. On the issue of the tariff, President Grover Cleveland advocated a lower rate.29. The major campaign issue of the 1888 presidential election was tariff policy. 30. In the later decades of the 19th century, it was generally true that the locus of political power was Congress.31.The early Populist campaign to create a coalition of white and black farmers ended a racist backlash that eliminated black voting in the South.32. The political developments of the 1890s were largely shaped by the most severe and extended economic depression up to that time.33. Economic unrest and the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act led to the rise of a pro-silver leader – a charismatic young Congressman from Nebraska – William Jennings Bryan.34. President Grover Cleveland aroused wide-spread public anger by his action of borrowing $65 million in gold from J. P. Morgan’s banking syndicate.35. During the Gilded Age, most of the railroad barons built their railroads with government assistance.36. The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteent h century by providing railroad corporations with land grants.37. The only transcontinental railroad built without government aid was the Great Northern.38. The greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post-Civil War years was the railroad network.39. The U. S. hanged to standard time zones when the major rail lines established the division of the continent into four zones so that they could keep schedules and avoid wrecks.40. Agreements between railroad corporations to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were called pools.41. Efforts to regulate the monopolizing practices of railroad corporations first came in the form of action by state legislatures.42. The first federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations was the Interstate Commerce Commission.43. One of the most significant aspects of the Interstate Commerce Act was that it represented the first large-scale attempt by the fe deral government to regulate business.44. After the Civil War, the plentiful supply of unskilled labor in the U. S. helped to build the nation into an industrial giant.45. One of the methods by which post-Civil War business leaders increased their profits was elimination of as much competition as possible.46. Carnegie – steel; Rockefeller – oil; Morgan – banking; Duke – tobacco; Vanderbilt – railroads.47.The steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of Henry Bessemer (the Bessemer Process, which made it possible to make a better grade of steel, at a better price. )48. J. P. Morgan monitored his competition by placing officers of his bank on the boards of companies that he wanted to control. This method was known as an interlocking directorate.49. America’s first billion-dollar corporation was United States Steel.50. The first major product of the oil industry was kerosene.51. The oil industry became a huge business with the invention of the internal combustion engine.52. John D. Rockefeller used the following tactics to achieve success in the oil industry – extorting rebates from railroads, pursing a policy of rule or ruin, employing spies, and using high-pressure sales methods.53. The gospel of wealth, which associated godliness with wealth, discouraged efforts to help the poor.54. The Fourteenth Amendment was especially helpful to giant corporations when defending themselves against regulation by state governments.55. The Sherman Anti-trust Act was at first primarily used to curb the power of labor unions.56.During the age of industrialization, the South remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural.57. In the late 19th century, tax benefits and cheap, nonunion labor attracted textile manufacturing to the â€Å"new South. †58. The group most effected by the new industrial age was women. 59. The image of the â€Å"Gibson Girl† represented an independent and athletic â€Å"new woman. †60. Generally, the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth century interpreted the Constitution in such a way as to favor corporations.61. In its efforts on behalf of workers, the National Labor Union won an eight-hour workday for government workers.62. The Knights of Labor believed that conflict between capital and labor would disappear when labor would operate business and industries.63. The most effective and most enduring labor union of the post-Civil War period was the American Federation of Labor.64. By 1900, American attitudes toward labor began to change as the public came to recognize the right of workers to bargain collectively and strike. Nevertheless, the vast majority of employers continued to fight organized labor.65. By 1900, organized labor in America had begun to develop a positive image with the public.66. Historians critical of the captains of industry and capitalism concede that class-based protest has never been a powerful force in the U. S. because America has g reater social mobility than Europe has.67. The following were important factors in post-Civil War industrial expansion: a political climate favoring business; a large pool of unskilled labor; an abundance of natural resources; and American ingenuity and inventiveness.68. The first transcontinental railroad was completed by the construction efforts of the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific railroads.